paradigms :: essays research papers

     The truth does not change according to our ability to stomach it. "acategories.asp? reference=Flannery+O%27Connor+%281925%2D1964%29"If the items dont fit the speculation, change the facts. "acategories.asp?Author=Albert+Einstein+%281879%2D1955%29"     everyone since teh beginning fo time has had their own views and standards for the agency that everything around them should be. these views be seemingly set in stone and unchangeable. there are many examples in the past times of terrible consequences for expressing views other than the average at the time. more recently this apprehension to change was described by Thomas Kuhn in his book, The Structure of Scientific Revoulutions.     Kuhns book was concentrate on the scientific world. He said that normal science heart and soul research firmly based upon one or more past scientific achievments, achievments thatsome particular scientific community a acknowledges for a time as supplying the foundation for its further practice (Kuhn 10). These achievments needed to be strange and open-ended so as to attract a group away from competing ideas and to leave each(prenominal) sorts of problems for this group to resolve. these achievments are called ranges. a icon is be by Kuhn as an accepted canon of scientific practice, including laws, theory, applications, and instrumentation, that provides a stick for a particular coherent tradition of scientific research (Trigger 5).     When results bear that cannot be explained through the current paradigm, a new paradigm may begin to form. the new paradigm originates with new theories that are proposed as a result of the anomalies that were found. to be accepted as a paradigm, a theory must seem better than its competitors, but it need not, and in fact never does, explain all the facts with which it can be confronted (Kuhn 17-18). when the new paradigm is finally acc epted, a paradigm-shift occurs. the paradigm shift represents Kuhns scientific revolution. Once the paradigm-shift is completed normal science returns under the new paradigm until new set of unexplainable facts arise.     paradigms help scientific communities to bind their crystalise in that they help the scientist to do several things. they help to create avenues fo inquiry, formulate questions, select methods with which to examine questions and define areas fo relevance. Kuhn writes In the absence seizure fo a paradigm or some candidate for paradigm, all the facts that could possibly pertain to the development of a given science are likely to seem equally relevant (Kuhn 15). what he was trying to line of battle was that there must be a way to limit the guidance of ones research based on what is considered to be cognize from the past.