‘Antony and Cleopatra’ & Shakespeare Essay

As is often true of the playing bea of history in general, the people who dominate Shakespeares historical plays are those in positions of military force and authority. This is simply because such people volition be the ones to effect history in the most significant way. In Antony and Cleopatra we throw several different drawship figures, who show all of the range of burdens, strains and qualities that those in positions of power can have (such as Antony himself, Cleopatra, Caesar, Lepidus and Pompey).In terms of leadership, incorrupt Renaissance ideas can be very helpful when trying to betterment Antony and Cleopatra for the first of all epoch. The traditional idea of heroism and leadership was summed up in the quality known as virtus, which describes the characteristics of a virile nature, military strength, and centenarian ideas of chivalry and awarding. Renaissance artists such as Machiavelli in The Prince, modified this to accentuate calm ruthlessness and intellectu al power.As we shall see, these two opposing views of what a leader should be (the traditional and renaissance ideals) are reflected in the contend in the midst of Antony and Caesar. Antony, representing the old virus values, is defeated and replaced by Caesar, representing the Machiavellian hero. hence I shall begin with these two characters, whose conflict is vitally central to the play. Antony is be as an old-fashioned hero, whose moral blemishes are excused because of his heroic nature. Maecenas tells us that his taints and honours waged equal with him ( defend 5, photograph 1).These taints become apparent in the first act when we discover that Antony in fact has a wife (Fulvia), regular though we have just watched the obvious love affair that he is having with Cleopatra. When he returns to Rome (having heard of the death of his wife), he soon marries Caesars sister and so betraying Cleopatra. However, we do also see that Antony has an obvious soaking up with honour, rep utation and ancestry. His past military glory is very important to him, and it is for these ideas of honour and ancestry that he stilltually will return away from Egypt and rachis to war.These are all characteristics of the traditional hero, whose titanic anger would have win him favour in the eyes of the Shakespearean audience, but perhaps non as much, in a modern audience. This is because he is more plausibly to be seen in modern times as an impulsive bold leader who leads with his heart and not his head. In Act 3 scene 10, Antonys declaration that he will fight by sea has the ring of bluster and bravado, and is an emotional response to Caesars challenge. His decision alarms tear down the most humble soldier who pleads O noble emperor, do not fight by sea/Trust not to rotten planksSweeping, fire tree gestures, such as his challenge to single combat and his declarations of the love he feels for Cleopatra (which he sees as liberating and life enhancing The nobleness of lif e is to do thus Act 1 scene1) provide a double-dyed(a) contrast to the behaviour of Caesar. some other element that is central to Antony as a leader, is the constant conflict between occupation and desire. This conflict egresss in a felling of guilt, a sense that he has neglected his duty to his people. It is only in the final stages that we see these emotions expressed.In Act 3, after Antonys defeat in battle, for the first time we see an Antony full of self-disgust, confusion and an overall sense of failure. The responsibility that he feels for his men, and the fact that his actions determine the fate of all of them, obviously makes defeat even worse. In some instances however, Antonys honest acknowledgement of his faults increases our respect for him, as when he admits that poisoned hours (Act 1, scene 2) caused him to forget himself and lose his sense of duty. Another thought to the burden that all leaders must face is that of being replaced.The undated cycle of the old be ing overthrown by the young, is one of the hardest things a leader has to face, partly due to its inevitability. In Act 3 scene 11, Antony addresses an imaginary listener, and takes comfort in recalling the military success he achieved at Philip, whilst the callow Caesar relied on his officers to fight for him and wore his sword as an ornament, like a dancer. Though Antony does have negative aspects to his character, he has a warmth, human resentment and engaging personality that is totally lacking in Octavius Caesar. He is in general represented in an unflattering light.He is shown to be an unemotional, fixed character who is quick to turn on Antony when he steps stunned of line. This seems all the more heartless when we realise that Antony was a close and full friend to Octaviuss father, Julius Caesar. However at the same time he is shown as the successful strategist and ruler. This pehaps is meant to demonstate the idea that a truly bulky leader cannot be an overly emoti onally figure. He represents papistic energy and Duty to the state, whose interests must be held before all others, and achieved by whatsoever means necessary.This manipulative nature is shown finished his reconciliation with Antony. Caesar needs Antonys military skill in the war against Pompey, and can see that the Roman people, who do not love Caesar (Caesar gets money where/ he loses hearts Act2 Scene1), will follow the heroic Antony into battle. The marriage that he orchestrates between his sister and Antony shows that he is a figure who is only able to gain loyalty through his manipulation of others. We must still recognise, however, that Caesar has all the qualities necessary to be a good leader.Indeed he seems not to feel any of the mental burdens that come with leadership. He seems to be sufficiently focused on the success of Rome, to think that any burdens he does feel must be tolerated tabu of a sense of duty, but also to satisfy his ambition. He sees Antony as havin g become a strumpets fool, and his pursuit of joyfulness being an intolerable burden placed on the triumvirate. As healthy as the contrast between Antony and Caesar, we also see several stark contrasts between Cleopatra and Caesar.She represents indulgence, extravagance and pleasure, whilst Caesar (as said before) represents duty and self-control. Cleopatras royalty and power is emphasised by her own self-preservation, bolstered by her followers and maidservants. We are ever reminded of her position, through what is said and the general grandeur that surrounds her. Antony calls her your royalty (Act1 scene 3), and Cleopatra reminds the deep in thought(p) messenger in Act 3 Remember/If eer thou lookst on majesty She is a traditional Queen, believe that she rules by a divine right, and owes nothing to her people.As a result she is much more likely not to suffer from the guilt and duty to her people that both Antony and Caesar show. Caesar is a democratically elected leader, is mea nt to represent the people, and thus the sense of having a duty toward them is much stronger. Like Antony, Cleopatra is ruled by passion. She is capable at points in the play of inspiring intense admiration, whilst at others, of showing a common humanity. Indeed this is demonstrated perfectly in Enobarbus speech in act 2 scene 2, which describes both sides to her personality.