Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Education - Essay ExampleAn prescribed curriculum is a written guide from the learners perspective clearly describing a designed plan to make both tenet and learning more effective. In education, an official curriculum provides a basis for accountability it is a framework outlining the specific procedure and plan to be use in the teaching of the content. As a student, you will often notice that different courses have different instructions and resources that can be used to achieve the course objectives that not only state what is expected of the student, nevertheless also what is expected of the teacher. Operational curriculum is defined as what is taught by the teacher and how it is communicated (Posner, 2003). An operational curriculum states what students are required to learn in a specific subject, and the noesis and skills they are to acquire from a particular subject. Operational curriculum helps to gauge how well a student understands the content by relating what is taug ht in class and the specific learning outcomes for the student. For example, the instructional content of mathematics is taught and communicated differently at different grades to check the concepts like multiplication and addition are understood proficiently. The hidden curriculum includes the norms and values of the surrounding bon ton (Posner, 2003). The community most often demands that a school curriculum should be able to promote the counterbalance values, and as much as the school educational curriculum may be perceived competent for children in terms of promoting such values, children mightiness be vulnerable to few elements within the society which might pervert the educational process. For this reason, the hidden curriculum... This subject approves that an official curriculum provides a basis for accountability it is a framework outlining the specific procedure and plan to be used in the teaching of the content. As a student, you will often notice that different cours es have different instructions and resources that can be used to achieve the course objectives that not only state what is expected of the student, but also what is expected of the teacher.This paper makes a conclusion that the structure of the disciplines that has been promoted by Jerrold Zacharias, a scientist who for a long time had been attempting to improve the natural philosophy curriculum and saw this perspective as an avenue for incorporating modern physics into it. He is of the opinion of teaching only the most fundamental concepts and at the same time teaching students how to derive the rest of the knowledge from the same concept and in the process of learning a lot of things can be utilize practically and less of theory which will just remain in the mind. The Cognitive Perspective has its promoters in science such as Piaget who spent a lot of time trying to understand how childrens minds work and how different their thinking was from that of adults and how it was that t hey got to learn things that were abstract in nature. He shows how children need to be form for the cognitive learning process to take place.Behavioral Perspective has been promoted by Edward Thorndike, the founder of behavioral psychology. He provided the necessary scientific theory for behavior through his works on behavioral objectives, in arithmetic he was able to contribute greatly into the creation of a behavioral curriculum.

Social intervention to children with autism Essay

loving intervention to children with autism - Essay ExampleThe teaching process requires interventions that address the repetitive behaviours, skill development, and embolden activities that win communication and social interactions. Several authors have discussed different intervention models that are discussed in the sections below. Rita Jordan-Behavioural and Communication hitch TEACCH Programme The political program is community-based and targets children and adults with autism and communication disabilities. TEACCH aims at developing communication skills among autistic children and help them work and play independently of adults (Jordan, Jones & Murray, 1998). The development of communication skills is based on their understanding capability and their ability to express themselves. The programme teaches several ways of communication, such as the use of photographs and pictures, symbols and words, and objects of reference. The programmes assist children with autism in their childhood and set up them with financial backing in their adulthood. The trainers focus on the strengths and interests displayed by the students and withal address the emerging skills. Part of the training involves interacting and gentle in learning activities with unremarkably developing children (Jordan, Jones & Murray, 1998). This interaction and reverse integration helps autistic children adjust to mainstream classes for normally developing children. ... Students begin by learning functional skills and good work habits that enable them to function with teensy-weensy intervention provided they are within the TEACCH structure (Jordan, Jones & Murray, 1998). This is the most widely used approach for teaching autistic children. Visual information, predictability and structure help the children understand what they are supposed to do, where and when it should be done, and the order of doing the activity. Parents are also involved in the programme, and their work is to promote a feeling of competence and well-being among the children. They work as co-therapists and participate in home activities when TEACCH instructors make home visits (Jordan, Jones & Murray, 1998). Parents also provide home training for goals such as independent play, increasing communication, and toilet training. They are provided with parent support information that helps them learn strategies of in force(p) training. The TEACCH programme has advantages such as supporting autistic adults in the business sector. There are employment support models that include individual placements, a dispersed enclave and a mobile crew model (Jordan, Jones & Murray, 1998). Therapists provide long-term support services to individuals and employers. Students in the TEACCH programmes attend mainstream or special schools or remain at home with their parents, and therapists make home visits and provide advice to the teaching staff. The visual learning activities help the student and adults perform most a ctivities with little support from parents or trainers. This has helped adults receiving support participate in community activities with minimum helper from supervisors. The main disadvantage of the programme is the lack of

Role of the media in U.S Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Role of the media in U.S - Essay ExampleThe responsibility of the media is to inform the public regarding the candidates stance on insurance policy but exclusive, personal interviews are allocated to journalists who are viewed by the candidate as non-confrontational and non-threatening. Because of this, the media, again, becomes the unwitting instrument of its source. The ill-omened economic truth is that the journalist who gets the story keeps their job while the one with integrity, who wont compromise their ethics by pandering to the politician but does not get the story does not receive a paycheck for long, at least in this profession. Another financial reality is that media organizations cannot afford to have reporters and cameras at all locations and so economics dictates that they concentrate their resources where significant news often occurs (Chomsky, 1989 18). The media also utilizes corporations and trade groups to can stories because they are considered credible sources due to their prestige and status. The government and corporations alike exert much time and drift to accommodate the media so as to sustain their status as primary sources.

Mechanisms determining Temperature of the climate Essay

Mechanisms determining Temperature of the humor - Essay recitationave expressed high sense of will power towards the combating of humor change, their major problem has been on the ad hoc footfalls to take in implementing the various policies that be suggested among climate change advocates. As a step towards solving this problem, this account is targeted towards drafting a policy that will be well defined in the strategies and principles. This is to say that the major component of the policy report will be to spell out the policies and ship canal of implementing them in a language that will be eaily understood by all users of the policy. Again, the policy in itself will aim at curbing the dangers associated with climate change. Further on, the various mechanisms that determine temperature in climate change will be highlighted so that needed solutions can easily be identified and worked towards. The report has been done in much(prenominal) a way that all terminologies that rel ate to climate system are defined in detail to make understanding of the report easier.In the subject of physics, we see inborn and artificial mechanisms of work, involving the flow of particles and other objects. Because in the climate change, there is the flow of energy, we can generally guide the climate system as also being physics. Box (n.d) notes that The Earths climate, at both(prenominal) global and regional scales, is the result of dynamic balances in the flows of energy, when averaged over sufficiently large time and office scales. Here, the major energy being referred to is heat energy. Most commonly, the time frame for measuring this equilibrium is 25 (25) years. On a global perspective, the climate system is determined on regional basis such as for countries. The mechanism that goes to play in labeling a particular region with a particular climate is a measure of the whether that has existed there for a number of years. In this direction, the Met Office (2010) expl ains that climate is the average run we expect over a long period of time. It must

Human Services Research Article Discussion Essay

Human serve Research Article Discussion - Essay Example(2) Is it conducted correctly? (3) Does it support the conclusions reached? (4) What, if any, additional statistical analyses could be performed on this data to gain further knowledge? (5) Are the findings misleading or biased? And (6) does the denomination incorporate graphs or tables that facilitate understanding? Social Work Practice in Child welfare from a Cross-Cultural Perspective Concepts of Change Process by Kui Hee Song Presentation of the Material The clause was presented in appropriate form and structure consistent with the guidelines set by the APA Publication Manual. It is clearly organise with headings and subheadings and contains eight tabular illustrations that summarize results of the authors findings. Starting from a laconic introduction that provided the metaphysical background for the study, the author proceeded with a presentation of research questions, the methodology, major findings, results of the ma jor hypothesis testing and implications for amicable work practice. The references conform to APA guidelines and brief information about the author appears right after the references to provide concise but comprehensive data on work experiences, interests, major accomplishments, service contributions and contact information.

Dispute Settlement between States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Dispute Settlement between States - Essay ExampleHence, it is a transaction of the members of the United Nations to settle international gainsays through peaceful means, which may cover either legal or political character.In the internal legal system of a state, it would be gener everyy perceived that the dispute to be settled is legal. That is, when in that respect is a dispute between individuals on rights, duties, and liabilities in accordance to legal philosophy or legalization, the elimination of such may be carried out by negotiation or conciliation - that is, bringing the dispute to the consideration of a third party body which may act as an umpire. The arbitrator may be a permanent organization of a state which shall serve as the court, wherein both the arbitrator and the court shall consider the dispute by the principle of constabulary, which essentially means that the rulings of the arbitrator and the judgment of the court shall legitimately bind the disputing part ies.In the international legal system, the meaning and scope of the settlement of international disputes are broader than the settlement of internal legal disputes (Hill 1945). ... r since a state groundwork non be obligate to settle international disputes without its consent, implying that the international legal system does not demand any mechanism to office any state to settle disputes (Glahn 1970). It is explicit that in the international law, there is not one state, which, without its consent, shall be forced to propose a compromise, arbitration, or any other peaceful means of settling a dispute with another1.The principle of international law evident in the advice of the Permanent Court of International referee is still deemed practical and accepted by members of the international community because even the United Nations Charter stipulates that there is not any enforcing measure for its members in the settlement of disputes (Glahn 1970). It is however stipulated as a dut y of all members of the United Nations that if a dispute is to be settled, the parties concerned shall settle it through peaceful means2. Since issues of international disputes can be of any character, the settlement of international disputes is therefore not always related directly to international law. For example, an international dispute of a political issue may not require international law in consideration. However, even though international disputes of political nature, or of any other nature, are not related directly to international law, the disputing parties have to settle their dispute by peaceful means as stipulated in the principles of international law and as evident in Articles 2(3) and 33(1) of the United Nations Charter. The disputing parties may exploit any means of peaceful settlement between each other as long as they have mutually agreed upon a direct negotiation between them, such as establishing a sound out working group for inquiry of facts, introduction of a

Development of Health Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Development of wellness Care - Essay ExampleIn Elizabethan times, parishes had to bear with the responsibility of taking care of the vile living in the community (Liverpool Echo 2009). The pathetic in those days could benefit from outdoor sculptural relief in the form of food, clothing and fuel. However, with an unwieldy appreciation in the poor population, the parishes decided to withdraw this already insufficient outdoor relief and started resorting to indoor relief in the guise of hell like workhouses that requisite the less miserable amongst the poor lot of Britain to bear with inhuman work conditions in lieu of a pitiable yet indispensable sustenance (Liverpool Echo 2009). However, the things got worst at the start of the 19th century, which conduct to the introduction of Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834.Zillions of workhouses came up all across the UK. Poor Relief bring down to a shameful pittance accessible only to those who were willing to opt for exploitative workhouses instead of a wretched existence. The life in much(prenominal) workhouses was far from being bearable and homely. Comfort was an elusive pie in the flip out that was far beyond the reach of even the relatively well to do poor. In fact, the possibility of affiliating to well-nigh workhouse was a perpetual fear that haunted the deprived families huddled in the slums to bear with their hopeless existence. Workhouse records and numerate returns do elaborately testify to the miserable lot of the poor in the 19th century. Workhouses were a dreaded place divested of all hope and future. The moving spirit behind these workhouses was to keep the living standards of the inmates much down the stairs that of the let looseest paid labourer. The poor had to bear with subhuman rules and norms, which made their lives frustratingly monotonous (Hull routine Mail 2007). They had to course their pitiable status with them in the guise of grey tweed suits and blue and white striped dresses (Hull Daily Mail 2007). A harsh policy of gender segregation went to the extent of separating even married couples and siblings.Homelessness and abject poverty appropriated within their s carry on a plethora of health problems. The life expectancy amongst the workhouse residents was very low and they exhibited some of the highest death rates in the UK. The poor huddled in the workhouses were four times more than prone to accidents and thirty five times more likely to commit suicide (Herald Express 2008). thorax and skin infections, gastrointestinal troubles, poor circulation, compromised dental hygiene, anaemia, and visual and nutritional problems perpetually defined the life at a workhouse (Herald Express 2008).Yet, the biggest eliminator tended to be the extreme mental and emotional turmoil that the poor in Britain had to cope up with in these workhouses. The senseless and absurd practice of classifying the poor by the criteria of deserving poor and the undeserving poor added insult to injury. The deserving being those who were in addition old or infirm to work while the undeserving being wandering beggars and destitute. The principle of less eligibility smacked of a festering annoyance and intolerability in the society and the state that intended to keep the unemployed deliberately poor and vulnerable to or rather forced to taking jobs for which they were essentially unqualified or averse to (Baggot 2004). Of course, such

Austrian Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Austrian Economics - Research Paper ExampleThe second superlative objective of Menger was to prove that this news report of commodity-price-formation is not only full general nevertheless also abstract. The purpose of this explanation was also to correct the German Historical nurture, which suggests that there are no such universal economic laws that are applicable across different cultures, times and nations. They rejected the Manchester educates requisition on global free trade in view of the universal relevance of the comparative edge (Mises, 1969). Menger beingness a supporter the rich empirical research of the historicists debated that the economic goods properties are based on the general theoretical investigation. He also dedicated his book to Wilhelm Roscher who was a renowned historicist. The Historical Schools younger members did not support Mengers argument. The subsequent argument to this characterized the methodenstreit or dispute over procedures followed that the historicists started to uphold Menger and his supporters as the Austrian School, that signifies their mediocrity in comparison to the genuinely German approach (Bostaph, 1994 Caldwell, 2004 Mises, 1969). Although the Historical School applied adequate impact on the German Universities and thereby, took them to the twentieth century however it is the insights of the Austrian School that marked an impact on the remaining professions in other parts of the world. The discussions by Menger in affinity to subsiding marginal utility, scarcity, and Robinson Crusoe economies were naturally knitted into the surfacing marginalist consensus. Similarly, the students of Menger, Friedrich Wieser and Eugen Bohm-Bawerk made significant contributions to the principle concept, Wieser for introducing the terminology chance cost and Bohm-Bawerk for his coining the time preference discussion (White, 2003). The Austrians had differences with the others, particularly when Marshall reestablished the production-cost-concept as one blade of a pair of scissors that evaluate price whereas the marginal utility being the other blade of these scissors. However, these were average minor disputes under a wider consensus. Although both F.A. Hayek and Ludwig von Mises followed the tradition of Menger however by the time they were internationally know they were just economists and did not require any Austrian label. Since that point of time, the Austrian School simply became a term of historical significance. Nevertheless, the affiliation with the mainstream of the profession continued. The argument related to socialist calculation disclosed the deep, entire gulf that distinguishes the Austrians from the neoclassical orthodoxy, which commenced, in 1920, with the publication of Economic Calculation in the Socialist Commonwealth by Mises (1935). According to Mises, the socialist planners, without money prices, would miss-out a common denominator for calculating the effectiveness of altern ative uses of resources and hence, would be futile to get involved in rational economic calculation. The socialist-economists retorted with the market socialism theory, the concept that the socialist planners could work the centrally controlled accounting prices and systems of equations as an alternate for market exchange. Hayek and Mises retorted by pointing out that the market socialists basically misinterpreted the issue, but to no benefit. All Professional

A Policy Brief Addressing a Significant Health Problem Facing Essay

A Policy outline Addressing a Significant Health Problem Facing California - Essay ExampleYet as a society, we ar not making adequate investments necessary to ensure the health and well-being of wholly of our youth.During adolescence, young people confront new issues that affect their physical and mental health. These could be attributed to a proceeds of varying factors. Similarly, young adults continue to experience many of the same challenges to their health and well-being. The health issues of teens and young adults are easy to overlook because they are not, for the most part, acute illnesses or chronic disorders. Instead, they are largely behavioural and social issues. Unlike the issues related to general health conditions that confront the society at large, adolescents health problems relate more to the lacuna in the societal interventions. Adolescents confront health issues that have multi-dimensional characteristics and implications. Addressing these issues requires motl ey at multiple levelsfrom service delivery, to funding priorities, to community resources and environments, and, more fundamentally, to the behavior and attitudes of Californias adults.The valet de chambre Health Organizations definition can be taken as the standard in all areas of public health. According to the World Health Organization, health is defined as more than skillful the absence of disease, but rather a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. This broad definition has a lot of significance to adolescent health. Adolescent health encompasses not only the prevention and treatment of disease and disability. It features behavioral and social issues on an equal scale. Issues of safety, social relationships, self-esteem, education and skill development all fingers breadth into good health of adolescents. Thus, to make progress in improving adolescent health, a combination of perspectives and approaches is needed. anyway the disease components, interventi ons must address societal and behavioral

Chain reaction by tere Martinez Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chain reaction by tere Martinez - Essay specimenThe play itself focuses on Antionia Pantoja, a community leader from Puerto Rica and her lifes work.The relationship between Pantoja and her learn Frank Horne is another key example of mentorship within the play. The two share the same passion and drive, absent to fight for rights and freedoms. He encourages her plans and this gives her the strength to succeed. With his support, she builds the ASPIRA, a group and a community that supports one another. Through ASPIRA she taught students ways of solving problems, determining what the issues were in their life, the causes and how to go about solving them. In addition, it focused on the heathen background of Puerto Ricans, encouraging them to embrace rather than ignore their heritage.A second relationship of importance in the play is that of Yoiaira and Professor Ramos. Yojaira is a 19 year old student studying at Hostos residential area College. She is sarcastic, feeling that she is un able-bodied to succeed. While she dreams of being a scientist, she rejects Ramos suggestions that this is possible, instead deciding to follow her mothers desires to be a dentist. Yojaira talks to Ramos about her personal life, the problems that she is experiencing and her plans for the future. It is through this relationship of trust and friendship that Ramos is able to help Yojaria. Because of Ramos influence, Yojaira finds in herself the desire to be someone different and it is this desire that causes her to call bullyrag and acquiesce to meet him.A final crucial relationship within the play is that between Hector and Pantoja. Hector was a member of the ASPIRA group that Pantoja had developed and encouraged. Because of Pantojas encouragement, Hector followed a career path that everyone else in his life told him was not possible. Through Pantojas work and encouragement he gained substantial strength in himself, and found that he did not have to be ashamed of his heritage, or become an

Monetary Policy & International Finance and the Exchange Rate Essay

Monetary Policy & International Finance and the Exchange invest - Essay ExampleThe supply curve analysis indicates that an increase in the amount of nonborrowed reserves implies thither provide be right shift in the supply curve. The implication is that the governemnt funds rate will not rise any further and a constant value may be achieved. As a result, the open market purchase will result into a rise in the financial base and hence the monetary supply.The central bank habituates rediscount operations which allows the banks to borrow from the central as recess of its checks and measures on economic stability. fleck this advancement is crucial for ensuring that there is no economic recession, there is picture that there is danger when the central banks lends to other(a) banks. One problem with this operation is that it prevents banks that would have failed from failing. While the adversity of bank may be a sign of economic instability, there are many other causes for the co llapse of banks. For instance, poor management strategies within a bank may result to its failure (Kashyap & Stein, 2004). While there is need to support banks and to prevent them from collapsing, there are times when lending to such banks does not solve the problem. Banks that have weak management should be streamline their operation rather than lend them, an approach that may not its problems. Therefore lending to banks that are in the verge of collapsing poses danger to the public as they feel that such a bank is stable while it dependent on borrowing.III. Compare the use of open-market-operations, central bank lending facilities (rediscounting), and changes in reserve requirements to control the money supply on the following criteria flexibility, reversibility, effectiveness, and speed of implementation.The open-market operations are one of the most flexible approaches of controlling the money supply. Since this method is beneath the control of the government, it is possible to use it to fine tune the market and to achieve

Information Tech. and the Canadian Economy Essay - 1

Information Tech. and the Canadian Economy - Essay ExampleAnalysis shows that there is progress however, without notwithstanding action there is an alarm.The affairs of the future will be faced with several changes which need to be turn to using technology. There is need for the men and women to be equipped with necessary skills in order to realize up these dividing lines substanceively.Low education levels as a setback has to be addressed. In the bid to shed the right people for the right jobs, there is the need to ensure men and women have the right skills for the job which will be catalyzed by the fast changing technology. There is the need to shift from the age of credential qualifications and move up to the levels of degrees and well heights beyond secondary education. Some laws should be put into effect and necessary changes made in the education systems .There is the need to consider all groups in the job market and ensure they are all represented as there has been his torical under-representation of some groups for event women, immigrants, the youth and the disabled. This is in line with focusing on future trends in the job market as opposed to just concentrating on the current jobs.In the seventeenth century, there was Mercantilism, which is a system of triangular trade for economic exploitation by the colonizing powers. This is relative to the common day economic globalization. Modern globalization is accompanied by change in the political, economic, social, environmental, cultural, and religious aspects, which in the sense of information technology indirect request have the capability of virtual connectivity. This will enhance the relaying of information and linking of labor forces.The age limit proposed is to go up from 65 years to 67 years and has necessitated the growth of the people over 60 years to participate. As well, education for immigrants through adopted policies is crucial since it raises the growth of immigrants

Hispanic American Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Hispanic American Diversity - taste ExamplePeople of Mexican origin are Mexicans either for the reason they are born in Mexico or of Mexican heritage. The majority of Mexican Americans live in urban areas which comprise the three agri heathenish migrant streams that flow from the south to the north across the country, often twice annually. Historically, Mexican Americans have been twain an urban and rural population. Since the 1600s, Mexicans were the first Americans to establish homesteads in the territories that became Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas. Since before the turn of the century, Mexican Americans literally built the great southwestern cities of Los Angeles, San Diego, Tucson, Albuquerque, Dallas, and San Antonio (2006b) Mexican culture is influenced by folk art, which exhibits in major American museums, and the great Mexican muralists like Rivera, Siquieros, and Orozco were invited to paint frescoes on the walls of American institutional sites such as universities and up to now within such edifices of capitalism as Rockefeller Center in New York (Limon, 1998, p. 26) Local Mexican pagan life involves the participation of ranches, they used to gather for parties and seasonal balls and dutifully attend Sunday gatherings.With respect to linguistics, Mexican America... Others, spilling perfect English, have completely forsaken the tongue of their ancestors. (Gonzalez, 1969, p. 16) A few, usually among the more educated apt class, have made a point of learning to speak both English and Spanish well, still they are, very rare. It has been found that the majority of the members of this population still learn English as a punt language, however Spanish-American leaders recognize that in order for individuals to raise their socioeconomic level they must speak English well.Puerto RicansThe cultural heritage of Puerto anti-racketeering law is among the richest in the world. Traditionally, the Puerto Rican people speak Spanish it is their language of loyalty, romance, passion, patriotism, business, negotiation, and defiance-it is their cultural language. Their ancestors inherited this language from the Spaniards through conquest, and yet it is not the language that the Spaniards spoke when Puerto Rico was under Spanish colonial rule, and it is not the Spanish that Spaniards speak today. In addition, for those who are fully bilingual in Spanish and English, a linguistic phenomenon called Spanglish has arisen. The Spanish conquest of Puerto Rico, and the rest of Latin America, for the most part guaranteed that the people would break down Roman Catholic. Under colonial rule, it was forbidden to practice any religion but Catholicism. In Puerto Rico there seems to be a combination of the practices of Santeria and Spiritism, and there are times when the people themselves are not certain of the origin of a particular custom they practice it because their ancestors did, not because they are active pursual of Santeri a or Spiritism. (Perez, 2000, p. 17) Politically, Puerto Ricans have always received lower levels of Federal

Strategic management (Fujifilm case study) Study

Strategic management (Fujifilm ) - Case Study utilisationAl., Fujifilm A Second Foundation). The paper deals with the line of work plan of the company for the future five years. The merchandising projection is done by taking into stipulation the entire products of Fujifilm and its market growth in the then(prenominal) years. The operational estimation is conducted by considering the set marketing plan. The outer and inner environment of the company and the competitors personnel as well as weakness facilitates to estimate the operational prediction. The financial analysis is done by examining the marketing and operations of the company and their performance along with income statement of the previous years. The paper also covers the transition of implementation of major objectives in order to achieve success. Finally, the paper is completed with a brief conclusion. 2.0 merchandising Projection The sales projection relates to the estimation of potential sales of a company at a ce rtain time period. The sales projection of Fujifilms products and services can be prepared for the glide path five years. The marketing projection of Fujifilm for successive five years from present scenario is based on several(prenominal) factors. There may be external or internal factors that affect sales projection (Sane Jose bring up University, Process for Sales Projection). The marketing and sales of the product of Fujifilm have helped to increase its market bundle and proper planning will elicit its growth in the coming years. The various factors that are accountable for Fujifilms future projection are seasonability aspect prevalent in business, comparative situation of the economy, fashions of revolutionary products, changing population and productivity, income of consumer, present market share, innovative product lines, inventory shortage, recent trend in sales and price changes among others (Sane Jose State University, Process for Sales Projection). The various market ing products of Fujifilm are electronics products, passing functional materials, medical imaging, life science, graphic arts, optical devices and documents. These products are expanding globally and are in huge demand in market. To maintain its demand in future, the company postulate to develop various marketing techniques. The market share of LCD FUJITAC in global market is 80% and for WV film it acquires 100%. Thus, in the coming years the growth will be high as a result production capacity need to be raised (Fujifilm, Highly Functional Materials). To enhance production as well as growth it needs to develop innovative marketing techniques. The diagnostic materials acquired the top market share therefore it must be provided prior importance. Due to recession, gradually gross from medical imaging has lowered down. The forecasting can be done by taking into consideration the various aspects of customers and market and their demand for more innovative products (Fujifilm, Highly Fun ctional Materials). The three sections of products that are manufacture in the company throughout the year are imaging solution, information solution and document solutions. The business growth of these products under these sections varies considerably. By examining the taxation of business trend from the year 2007 to 2011, it is possible to predict the revenue from the

Introduction to Databases Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Introduction to Databases - Assignment ExampleThis means the drool operation will be performed not only on the primary key but too on all referencing foreign keys. Secondly, to avoid having null values as primary keys, always finalise the primary key to auto increment whenever the informationbase is populated.One foreign key from a table spate only refer to a single primary key on another table. Moreover, it is unacceptable for the same foreign key to refer to multiple primary keys. For instance, department_id on the employee table refers to the primary key department_id on the department table and not the department_id on the job_history table. The data type and values of foreign key that be used in the database schema must match with the data types and values of primary key or unique columns for that matter. The data values of country_id on countries table, say 11, should be the same as that of country_id on the locations table. Similarly, the data type should in any case b e same. If region_id in the regions table is an integer, then region_id on the countries table must also be an integer and not a double or

Science Reaction Rate Between an Acid and Metal Investigation Essay Example for Free

Science Reaction Rate Between an Acid and Metal Investigation Essay hound of work/RESEARCH QUESTIONIn this investigation, a statementled experiment ordain be conducted to determine whether the varying assiduousness of an dit alters its chemical response deem with a metal substance and if so, what is the resultant consanguinity amongst the rate of reaction and the submergence of the acid. In particular, we pass on be reacting Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) with milligram metal (Mg) and stash entropy based on the resultant atomic number 1 shooter taked by the reaction.Word Equationatomic number 12 + Sulfuric Acid Hydrogen splatter + Magnesium SulfateBalanced EquationMg (S) + H2SO4 (aq) MgSo4 (aq) + H2 (g) interrogation go place be formulated by conducting a controlled experiment in which we will react 0. 05g of Magnesium metal ribbons (Mg) with 10mL of four different H2SO4 (Sulfuric Acid) upshots varying in ingress and determine the era it takes for the reaction to produce 20mL of Hydrogen gas with distributively(prenominal) varying parsimoniousness.HYPOTHESISI hypothesise that as the concentration of the H2SO4 termination increases/streng consequentlys (measured in molarity portion), it will correspond to an increased/ speedy rate of reaction with Mg metal. Hence, I also hypothesise that based on the above premise- the 2M solvent of H2SO4 would be the quickest to produce 20mL of H2 gas when reacted with milligram, as it is the strongest of the four concentrations being footraceed. My hypothesis is based upon the scientific reasoning that a more heavy radical has more particles of the altering reactant (in this case H2SO4) present in a precise volume/ measurement of space than those present in a more dilute solution.Hence, at a higher(prenominal) concentration, particles ar more likely to jolt and react with one a nonher, forming a larger number of new bonds surrounded by the two reactants. The Collision Theory (which summaries the previous sentences) infers that the rate of reaction is encroachmented by how often molecules collide with one another. This can be applied to my hypothesis to suggest that with the occurrence of more collisions in the reaction- out-of-pocket to a higher percentage of particles in the more concentrated H2SO4 solutions- it will result in the physical composition of more bonds and hence, lead to a quicker rate of reaction surrounded by two reactants, leading to a quicker production of 20mL of H2 gas.Macintosh HD holdrs160161 desktopScreen Shot 2015-03-22 at 2.41.05 pm.pngVARIABLESThe in low-level versatile (the vari commensurate being changed) The independent variable is going to be the varying concentration- measured in molarity mass (M)- of Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution. Four different concentrations will be trialed- 0.5M, 1.0M, 1.5M and 2.0M- each three condemnations and then averaged out so that we achieve a more accurate result. We will alter this variable by changing the concentration of the H2SO4 solution in order to determine a relationship between the dexterity of an acid and its rate of reaction with a metal substance (in this case Magnesium metal). The different concentrations check been prepared in the laboratory before the experiment and hence, we do not have to self-prepare the concentrations in class.The dependent variable (the variable being measured) The dependent variable is going to be the varying rate of reaction between a milligram metal ribbon (Mg) and different concentrations of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). In particular, we will measure and record the time interpreted by the reaction to produce 20 mL of hydrogen gas in an inverted bar cylinder.This will indicate the rate at which each concentration reacts and allow us to draw conclusions on how altering the concentration affects the rate of reaction between an acid solution and metal substance. We will measure this variable through the application of a stopwatch and stack up recordings/selective information in seconds. The stopwatch will start when 10mL of H2SO4 is moveed into the campaign organ pipe, reacting with the magnesium ribbon, and will stop clock when the volume of weewee in the inverted measuring cylinder has decreased by 20mL- indicating that it has been replaced with an equivalent weight come of hydrogen gas.The control variables (the variables kept the similar) The other variables, which we need to keep constant, are* The volume of H2SO4 being added to each reaction. This will be kept constant throughout the investigation by accurately measuring 10mL of H2SO4 solution for each trial in a measuring cylinder. This is vital for a fair mental running as varying it would mean that reaction rate is not only being altered by the make of varying concentration but also that of volume.* The same climatic conditions present around the experiment. The climatic conditions, in particular temperature will remain the same throughout the experimen t to prevent natural processes and disturbance from impacting the experiment. These will be kept the same as no windows will be opened or closed and the air conditioning will not change in temperature or switch on/ cancelled after the experiment has started. Temperature, itself, possesses the ability to change the rate of reaction and hence, it is vital to keep it controlled and constant so that the results only reflect the impact of varying concentration.* The same mass of Magnesium (Mg) ribbon to be reacted with the H2SO4 solution (0.05g). The laboratory technician will keep this constant beforehand, as they will provide us with the pre-cut ribbons for our experiment. This mass has been chosen, as it is a sufficient for a distinct reaction to be witnessed in a sui tabulate stop of time.* Preventing cross contamination from occurring between trials and different concentrations of H2SO4 solution. To prevent cross contamination, we will clean the two measuring cylinders and test tub e with distilled water before each trial, ensuring that no residue from previous trials remain in either of the instruments.* The target volume of H2 gas to be produced by the reaction in each trial- 20mL. This will be kept constant by first determining the ideal marrow and then illumination calculating on the measuring cylinder 20mL less than the water level inside it so that it is fire during the trial when to stop the stopwatch. Pre-determining a target volume is vital for us to be able to effectively compare and form a relationship between the concentrations of H2SO4 and time taken to produce the same amount of hydrogen gas.* The same person handling the stopwatch during the experiment. Identifying one group member to handle and wasting disease the stopwatch before the experiment and then ensuring that he only handles it during each trial will control this variable. It is vital to reduce the impact human error and keep the experiment as accurate as possible.ALL EQUIPMENT IS TO BE KEPT CONSTANT TROUGHT THE EXPERIMENT TO OBTAIN CONSISTENCYEXPERIMENTAL PLANMaterials/Equipment* 1x adjudicate Tube* 1x Delivery Tube* 1x Rubber Stopper* 2x 50mL Measuring Cylinders* 1x Plastic Container* 1x Retort Stand and clinch Set* 1x Laptop* 1x Desk* 1x Stopwatch* 2x Distilled Water Bottles* 12x 0.05g Magnesium Ribbons* 2500mL of water (H2O)* 30mL of each H2SO4 Solution (0.5M, 1M, 1.5M 2M concentrations)Macintosh HDUsers171321DesktopScreen Shot 2015-03-16 at 8.27.40 pm.pngSetup PlanIndependent Variable falsify VariableControl VariableControl VariableDependent VariableConcentration of H2SO4 solution (M)Total volume of H2SO4 solution per trial (mL)Mass of Mg ribbons added to reaction each trial (g)Amount of Hydrogen gas produced per trial (mL)Method1. Collect all necessary equipment from the equipment table- all equipment should be in one tray.1. Setup the recall stand and clamp on a stable desk. The clamp should be fixed approximately half carriage up the stand.1. Open up Photo Booth or a similar picture/image-capturing program on a laptop computer so that evidence of the experiment and setup can be visually shown.1. Place the plastic, ice-cream container on the desk adjacent to the retort stand and fill it 2/3 of the way up with water from the tap.1. Fill one of the measuring cylinders with 100mL of water and place inverted into plastic container. agree to cover top with hand until fully submerged into container so to prevent leakage of water.1. Take voice communication tube (with preventive stopper attached to one end) and place through inverted cylinder (side without rubber stopper). This should not be difficult, as water pressure of plastic container will keep 100mL in measuring cylinder whilst tube is being inserted.1. Measure out 10mL of the 0.5M, H2SO4 solution in second measuring cylinder and shoot into large test tube.1. (Start of trial) Place one strip of magnesium ribbon (0.05g) into large test tube and immediately cover top of tube with rubber stopper end of delivery tube. stop that it is firmly attached and air tight.As soon as reaction begins with H2SO4 solution already in test tube, start timing the rate of reaction using the stopwatch.1. Measure and record the time it takes for the water level in the inverted measuring cylinder to decrease by 20mL. This will indicate that it has been replaced by 20mL of hydrogen gas.1. Reset the experiment by rinsing the measuring cylinders and test tube with distilled water refill the inverted measuring cylinder with 100mL of water and carefully place back into plastic container with delivery tube passing through it.1. Measure another 10mL of 0.5M, H2SO4 solution in second measuring cylinder and pour into test tube.1. Repeat steps 8 and 9 again, adding the 0.05g, Mg ribbon to the reaction in the test tube, cap of the test tube with the rubber stopper end of the delivery tube and time until 20mL of H2 gas has been produced in inverted measuring cylinder.1. Rinse all equipment with distilled water once trial 2 is blameless and measure out another 10mL of 0.5M, H2SO4 solution. Reset experiment like in step 10 and pour measured solution into clean test tube.1. Begin trial 3 and repeat steps 8 and 10 again. If the previous two trials yielded similar results, trial 3 should also be of similar time length. If at the end of three trials, thither is an anomaly within them, it may be required to cut a fourth trial to clean up data.1. Repeat steps 7-14 again with the 1M, 1.5M and 2M H2SO4 solutions. The process is the same with the only variable changing being the concentration of H2SO4.1. Once finished, record equanimous results onto laptop and pass away all equipment. Ensure to clean all test tubes and measuring cylinders with distilled water before returning.2. Write up report, ensuring to include a marked-scattered interpret and results table with averages established for each concentration of H2SO4 tested. If required, process the data to a chieve a desired relationship between the two variables.*NOTE Capture pictures throughout experiment with the laptop and remember to write down all observations.RESULTSResults Table period Taken To publish 20mL of Hydrogen turgidity (sec) From a Reaction Between Magnesium Metal (Mg) and Different Concentrations (M) of Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)Concentration Of H2SO4 (M)Time Taken to Produce 20mL of Hydrogen Gas (sec)Graph I think the best kind of graph to use to display these results would be to create a marked line graph with a line of best sum up (Trendline)ObservationsThroughout the investigation we collected and gathered observations using our five senses, with the sound of the reaction, the business deal of the reaction and the heat of test tube all extending our knowledge and understanding of this phenomenon. The fizzing sound that the reaction was creating was because of the chemical bonding taking place between the metal and acid. The fizzing was also visible to the eye, as when the magnesium was added to the reaction in the test tube, it combined with the H2SO4 and produced bubbles. Furthermore, particles of higher concentration H2SO4 collided and reacted with the magnesium particles to produce magnesium sulfate and hydrogen gas at a quicker rate. The heat developed in the test tube also varied significantly with more concentrated solutions radiating warmer temperatures due to higher levels of friction and energy in the reaction.DATA PROCESSINGThe relationship achieved in the above graph between the two variables is of a quadratic, inverse relationship with no modifications made to the data. To achieve a one-dimensional relationship between the independent and dependent variable, me must process and modify the results. This is outlined in the table underConcentration Of H2SO4 (M)Modification RuleNew Value of Independent Variable (graphed)Time Taken to Produce 20mL of Hydrogen Gas (sec)- AverageModificationRuleNew Value of Dependent Variable (graphe d)0.5M1/rGraph I think the best kind of graph to use to display the modified results would be to create a marked line graph with a line of best fit (Trendline)DISCUSSIONOur results show a wide range of relationships between the data. For instance, the shape of our initial graph shows an inverse, quadratic relationship between the concentration of H2SO4 and time required to produce 20mL of H2 gas from its reaction with Mg metal. The polynomial trend line displays this relationship in the first, raw data graph with an equation of y = 602 254x + 350, creating a minimum parabola. From here, we were able to deduce a set of modified results- taking into account two specific rules required to develop a linear relationship from an existing inverse relationship (represented in the table above).Macintosh HDUsers160161DesktopScreen Shot 2015-03-23 at 7.03.05 pm.pngHence, the second graph provides us with a linear relationship between the two variables in that it possesses a straight line wi th the equation y = x + 350. The value of the modified gradient is one, signifying that for every additional 1/0.5M rise in concentration of H2SO4 an equivalent ratio of decrease is experienced for the time taken to produce 20mL of H2 gas.In relation to the research question, our data collected clearly shows that the rate of reaction between an acid and metal substances is quickened by an increase in concentration of the acid substance. The data looks fairly reliable as there are no anomalies or outliers present- with the data plotted on the marked scattered graph all being located along the trend line which intersects each mark near-perfectly, suggesting the datas accuracy with the rule. However, there was urbane variation between the three trials of each concentration, suggesting slight variation between the conditions for each trial.CONCLUSIONThe results gathered are sufficient and clearly show a distinct relationship detailing that the stronger the concentration of the H2SO4 s olution, the quicker/faster its rate of reaction with magnesium metal, proving my hypothesis valid as I had hypothesized that as the concentration of the H2SO4 solution increases/strengthens (measured in molarity mass), it will correspond to an increased/quicker rate of reaction with Mg metal. Evidence from the data collected shows that the strongest concentration of H2SO4 (2M) only required an average of 80secs to produce 20mL of H2 gas, where as the most dilute solution trialed (0.5M) required an average of 240secs- more than any other trialed concentration.There is plenty evidence to show that unless the data is modified and processed, a linear relationship is not formed between the two variables, indicating that there is no direct proportionality between the increase in concentration and time taken to produce 20mL of hydrogen gas. This occurs because the reaction between H2SO4 and Mg is an exothermic reaction so a small amount of energy has been released/transferred out of the experiment as the reaction progressed.EVALUATIONOur experiment went preferably well and we were able to collect all the necessary readings required. We encountered very few problems during the course of the experiment and were able to conduct three trials for each H2SO4 concentration, thus improving the reliability of our data and deeming the experiment fair and valid. We had a sufficient sample size of four different concentrations at equal intervals of 0.5M-adequate for this experiment and allowing for a decisive relationship to be established. The extensive range of data collected through the conduction of three trials for each concentration of H2SO4 allowed us to obtain an accurate trend line and formulate justifiable conclusions.Furthermore, our results for each concentration of H2SO4 were similar each trial with no major(ip) outliers in the data, implying that our control of the constant variables was successful, all data was precise and accurate averages were deemed. Analyz ing our results, we were able to achieve the phenomena (affects of concentration on the rate of reaction between a metal and acid substance) we were interested in and hence were able to answer our research question in the affirmative that the concentration of an acid (in this Sulfuric acid) does effect its reaction of rate with magnesium metal, with the relationship being that an increase in concentration (molar mass) equates to an increased/quicker rate of reaction- evidenced by the time taken to produce 20mL of hydrogen gas.Our method was fairly clear, concise and allowed us collect our data in a fairly orderly way, doing so for most tests. It allowed us to complete the experiment with accuracy excluding the effects of the one, major problem (mentioned above) that were inevitable based on the way the experiment was conducted. Although our method and experimental plan were instead accurate, easy to understand and allowed us to achieve our target of determining a distinct and logic al relationship, there are still many improvements that could be made to it to improve the validity of our results and further experiments could be carried out to extend this investigation. These include* Completely eliminating human impact in the experiment by a valve of or so sort to add the magnesium ribbons to the reaction in the test tube with the rubber stopper already firmly attached to the test tube. This will mean that the slight deviation in data is not experienced.* Using a larger sample size- (i.e. 8-10 different concentrations of H2SO4) so that the relationship gathered can be further strengthened and backed up by more evidence.* Investigate whether changing the concentration of H2SO4 has an impact on the time it takes for the reaction to reach equilibrium (the end of the reaction) and form a relationship from there.* Use different types of acids and metals with different properties to investigate if the rate of reaction is similar to that between Sulfuric acid and mag nesium or it is quicker/slower.* Trialing different factors that affect the rate of reaction such as temperature or agitation and evaluating their influence compared to that of altering the concentration.

Biology is Beauty Essay Example for Free

Biology is sweetheart EssayThe denomination Biology is Beauty by Geoffrey Cowley touches on the aspects behind beauty. The denomination states that everyone sh atomic number 18s a understanding of what is attractive. Basically, Cowley is stating that pack are attracted to what is on the outside, even if we do non know it. Even though points of attractor can vary over societies, beauty is an innate quality we all think of. The article touches on a few examples that the author feels explains. First, Cowley says that humans love symmetry good deal prefer other muckle whose physical features are symmetric. These findings on symmetry were proven to be true despite race or g barricadeer. To prove this point, the author provided data from a consume at the University of Texas. The study took 3 and 6 month old children and showed them series of photos. There were sets of photos with 2 photos at a time, one considered attractive and another considered unattractive. The study sho wed that the babies spent considerably more time staring at the photos of attractive people. The study was run quadruplicate times using female and males of different races.This study is trying to show that humans are prewired to upgrade more attractive people. Further into the article the author manpowertions the connection between beauty and body type. workforce and women have tendencies to like people with better body types, more so with men. Certain animals choose their conjoin off which is the most physically dominant, and the article suggests humans are not so far off. The article provides the views of the skeptics but states their research proves their assumptions. The article has a few positive and negative aspects. A pro to this article is concomitant that men are attracted to women with better bodies. This is generally true in society for both men and women.However, this statement is not always true. Humans are not so much attracted to a somebody with the best body t ype, but more so the body type that suites their needs the best. People are individuals and attractiveness to body types is not so much an innate quality. There is some truth to fact that symmetrical faces are more appealing. Physical attractiveness does first ignite interactions between two people but it is not the most overlaying factor as the article suggests.Beauty does not begin and end on the outside a persons inner qualities define them just as much, if not more, than their physical beauty. Humans do share qualities with animals as the article states, but overall the individuality of people is truly whatdefines their beauty. When it comes to accredit this article to be published, I feel that it should. Even though I do not fully agree with all the aspects of this article, the statistical data the author shows holds some merit. This article brings up controversy as well, putting people at odds on how much beauty genuinely matters.

Pizza! the Best Party Food Essay Example for Free

Pizza the Best Party Food EssayDing Dong The pizzas here alwaysybody. What do you mostly always eat when at that place is a companionship? What do you expect to eat at a party? Thats right Its pizza. A party without pizza is like a store without anything to sell. Some reasons that it is the best party feed is that everybody eats it and is well-off to get. Another reason is that everyone loves it. So why not get pizza the next time you finalize to throw a party. First of all, lactose intolerant people aside, who doesnt love when the pizza shout arrives at the door with, boxes of that deliciousness.Also it is the easiest thing to get for a party is pizza. Its so hard to garble for anywhere from 50-100 people. That would clutch hours of work and make the house smell bad. Why not just drip 60 dollars and get about seven whole boxes of Pizza Hut, Dominos, DiGiornos, or anything else. Its saves so oftentimes time and the trouble of cooking. Also who knows if they entrust ho nestly even like the food you cook. When getting pizza you know everybody will eat it because the hosts of parties know people love pizza. Do you want to be remembered as a good host or party thrower?Then go buy pizza. You will probably spend that much on whatever you are cooking any way. So take the easy way out, and also the smart way. Next, everyone ravishs pizza, name one person that just doesnt enjoy pizza. The perfect blend of cheese, tomato, and bread gets everyones mouths watering. Everyone just cant resist from taking a slice. On the other hand it also tastes very good with drinks such as sodas. You can shoot all the wings and breadsticks you want but no matter what it wont be a party without pizza.If I ever met someone who doesnt like pizza I would interrogate him with questions. Did you ever even try it? Are you crazy? Whats wrong with you? What planet have you come from? trusty thing I have never met anyone like that. Pizza is also rated the peoples most favorite food worldwide. So at a party you know its pretty demanding. If people dont get pizza then it will make the guests unhappy and unsatisfied in their stomach. Overall there is no way around it. Pizza is the king of the party. It is the stomach filler. It is the most essential ingredient to qualification a successful party.

Starbucks Growth Strategy Essay Example for Free

Starbucks Growth dodge Essay(Nasdaq SBUX) reported strong fourth-quarter and financial 2003 results yesterday after the bell, with annual revenues jumping 24% to $4. 1 billion and earnings growing 26% to $268. 3 million. Shares are dipping about 2% so cold today, presumably because the companys $0. 17 in Q4 EPS met, rather than beat, expectations. Despite the markets lukewarm response, theres much to praise here, and opportunities for much appendage abound. The companys comparable-store gross sales results were again impressive, and the future of its international expansion looks promising.Further, Starbucks plans for domestic growth are encouraging, thanks to the rollout of more drive-through stores. Starbucks (which I happily own shares of) posted an 8% comparable-store sales gain for the course of instruction, marking the 12th socio-economic class in a row the companys comps have been 5% or better. Its projecting 3%-7% comps growth for fiscal 2004 the same guidance it gave for the incisively-completed year. Starbucks same-store sales victory is primarily transaction-driven, meaning that its not relying only on high prices to drive growth.Thats an important factor in the quality of its comps gains. We already know it entered its first quarter upbeat, with same-store sales growth of 9% for the month of October. With the rollout of its famed holiday drinks (dont come between me and a Gingerbread Latte), and the continued success of the Starbucks card, Q1s likely to be another winner. Starbucks international operations impart turn profitable this year, a evidential milestone for the company. It will add 350 international locations to its lineup, with 300 of them being licensed stores.Troubles in Japan havent press Starbucks belief that it can be a welcome part of diverse cultures the world over. The company will continue to partner locally in order to achieve this balance between a reconciled Starbucks experience and a locally tailored one. I n the U. S. and Canada, Starbucks will add 950 locations this year. About a terzetto of those will be drive-through locations, which have some of the best unit economics of all of Starbucks concepts. Its surprising to me that Starbucks just now seems to be catching on to the fact that drive-throughs can be hugely successful for it.Yes, its distant to the whole coffeehouse culture the company wants to cultivate, but from the customers point of view, the convenience factor is attractive. Starbucks finished the year with 7,225 stores, and as laid out above, plans to add 1,300 new locations globally in fiscal 2004. Thats all magical spell maintaining its excellent comps growth and producing total revenue growth of 20% and earnings growth of at to the lowest degree 20%. Ambitious, to be sure, though Starbucks hasnt given us a reason to doubt it yet. At 38 times the 2004 estimate of $0. 85, its stock, predictably, isnt allowing for much doubt, either.

How Traditional Family Cultural Survive in the Future Essay Example for Free

How impostalistic Family Cultural Survive in the Future EssayTraditional businesses atomic number 18 essential and important for a country. These reveals the lovely culture and habits of nation. These are the most attractive places where foreigners visit whenever they arrive to the land. Foreigners also buy handed-downistic products which is difficult to be bought in their places and be placed at their home for their arrival and remembrances of the places where they visited. Not however for foreigners but also for local people, traditional products show how a person love culture and tradition of that nation. They play an important role in the standard of nation, so it is impossible for them to be disappeared although they get a little way to success. When a country becomes to a greater extent developed, there is a lesser number of traditional business. The other(a) business are favored and traditional businesses are transformed into these businesses because they are relat ively more easy to succeed and hindquarters get more profit. Traditional businesses are made by creation and disregard non be substituted by others.Therefore, they are too expensive for basic people to buy and use them. The other substituted things are processed by machines and standardized. They produce in large quantities and get economy of scale and can be sold in low price. The basic choose the cheaper one for their daily use how more they love their tradition. But the country is based on basic class, not on upper class. The demands go down and traditions have to depend on foreigners and upper class, especially. There is a little chance for either traditional culture business to survive although it cannot be disappeared from the market. All have to transform and innovate sassy things. Their management style, product process orientation have to be upgraded. Almost all traditional businesses are sole traders. Their finances, profession and ability to do are limited. Only th e person who leads the business decide what to do, how to do and who have to do.The other member are not included in the decision, the other members of the family or the pedestal workers. They have to kind this because ones profession is limited, the decision whitethorn be very fast but may not be as good as one deciding by m all. They do not have any accurate documents. Some only have Cash Book, Debtors book and Creditors book. They never see any financial statement and never check their income and expenses. Some firms may not have any of these, they keep the cash to the drawers when something is sold. And at the end of the day, they keep it to the drawer. And also their pricing, they set the price preceding(prenominal) the cost of production.Prices are not set stable. Customer has to have full knowledge to get goods with mightily price. The production processes are made to be smooth. Not all the processes let human discombobulate. Making traditional things must be made by hu man but aided by machine. It can change magnitude time, make lower cost of production and can control the quality. Machines are more accurate than human. For example, in the process of making pots, they are fired with woods by humans. Instead of this ovens can be replaced. They can be fired with accurate temperature and woods do not need. It can lessen the cost and reinforcement can be reduced. To do these, technology is the key point. Nowadays, we do business in production orientation.We do the best, but we do not know what the customers need, we do not find what they want from us. We have to change into marketing orientation. We must find out what customer needs, how can we fulfill their wish. We have to research on the market. People are bored when they get the only one thing. They always want newest thing, they always undertake in us. We have to make innovation based on the tradition. It is important to have great contend not missing tradition. foreigners are briny customers for the traditional market.Although we can produce the products, we are weak in market distribution. so, we should need organization to improve traditional business. we should make internet website about traditional business. we should make knowledge distribution of tradition to the local. we should connect with travel tourism .so ,they introduce to visit our industry. And we explain the production process step by step thoroughly .we should create the design update. In traditional job, main problem is rare raw material. If we meet this problem , we should think the another way to substitute with other.

Analysis of the Effects of Modernism and Post-modernism on Management Practice Essay Example for Free

Analysis of the Effects of Modernism and Post-modernism on commission coif EssayThe concepts modem and post-modern have become common currency in intellectual debates regarding organizational theory. Within such debates, the postmodern is perceived as an epoch, a side, or an entirely new paradigm of thought (Callas 1999, p. 649). such(prenominal) a conception of the aforementioned term stems from its rootedness in the conception of the modern. Chia (1995) notes that what distinguishes the postmodern from the modem is a style of cerebration which eschews the uncritical use of common organizational terms such as organizations, individuals, environment, structure, and assimilation, etc (p. 79).These terms refer to the existence of social entities and attributes inside a modernist conception of organizational cultures. The rationale toilet this lies in the ontological conception of being which privileges thinking in terms of discrete phenomenal states, unruffled attributes and sequential events. As opposed to such an ontological conception of populace, the postmodern stands as the champion of sapless forms of ontology that show a transient, ephemeral and emergent reality (Chia 1995, p. 579).If such is the case, it thereby follows that a postmodernist perspective of reality adheres to thought styles wherein reality is deemed to be continuously in flux and trans arrangement and hence unrepresentable thereby impossible to situate at bottom a static conception of reality. Within the sphere of organizational management, an toleration of a post-modernist perspective of reality thereby leads to a rethinking of the modern conceptions of organizations since adherence to postmodernist perspectives lead to the de-emphasis on organizations, organizational forms and organizational attributes. much(prenominal) a conception of reality, however tends to emphasize the importance of local forms of organizational methods, which collectively define a social reality. In a sense, the shift from a modern to a postmodern conception of organizations thereby leads to the re-definition of existing ontological conceptions of reality that determine the various forms of intellectual priorities as well as theoretical stipulations in the study and conception of organizations. In lieu of this, this papers will provide a contextualization of the implications of such perspectives at heart organizational structures.The analysis of such will be determined through the analysis of the effects of such perspectives in relation to management practices. An example of the practical application of the postmodernist perspectives within the field of organizational theory is evident in the Foucauldian analysis of human imaging trunks. Edward Baratt (2003) notes that a Foucauldian conception of organizational structures has enabled the formation of a conceptual architecture and a method for exploring and problematizing human Resource Management (p. 084).Baratt notes, a Foucauldian conception of organizations has enabled the formation of conditions wherein all members of an organization may engage in the practice of critical truth telling (p. 1085). The importance of such may be fully soundless if one considers its effects in relation to the two dominant paradigms that dictate tender Resource Management discourse managerialist and critical evaluative positions.Jacques (1999) notes, Managerialist and critical evaluative positions in binary opposition to each new(prenominal) constitute the main sites from which we can speak academically about HRM (p. 200). The distinction between the two positions are evident if one considers that in one line of argument has been an emphasis on the production of an up-and-coming subject dependent on practices designed to engage an employees psyche.The possibility of such lies in the formation of managerial practices that opt for the continuous subjectification of the subject in this sense the employee. Within such managerial practices, the subject is set within various forms of practices of subjectification that leads to the development of different form of competencies that further lead to the continuous embeddedness of the subject within the organization. The difficulty within such a managerial method lies in its creation of a pretended subject.The pragmatic aspect involved within such a method, however, may be traced to its ability to take a shit productive subjects productive employees. As opposed to such a totalizing form of managerial methodologies, alternative arguments of the postmodernist kind emphasize the possibility of alter the co-existence and interrelationships between human resource technologies of the self and other disciplinary practices specifically those fit(p) within the grounds of technological and accounting incorporates (Baratt 2003, p. 1084).A popular theme of such methodologies gives emphasis on the intensification and sophistication of surveillance and c ontrol method through technological and accounting measures. Within these method, management methods are thereby perceived as enabling the formation that determine the relationships within the workplace by taking control of indeterminate relationships amongst the members of the workplace through the imposition of increase surveillance methods that impose order on the inherently undecidables conditions of the workplace.Such a methodology thereby adheres to a postmodernist conception of human relations and social reality as it opts to clarify the indeterminate variables within organizations through the use of effective instruments for the formation and accumulation of knowledge-methods of observation, techniques of registration, procedures for investigation and research, apparatuses of control (Foucault 1980, p. 102).Within such a scheme, the function of management systems and hence of managers lies in ensuring the maintenance of the unsteady local orchestration of material, technica l and social relationships which give rise to relatively stabilized configurations (Chia 1995, p. 601). The heads of the management of organizations, in this sense, are thereby tasked with ensuring the implementation as well as the continuous development of more businesslike production practices within the surveillance scheme of management systems.Analytic evaluation schemes used in forming joke evaluations will thereby be created so as to ensure the ordering of a population. Managerial positions, in this sense, may be seen as the roles that enable the implementation of the surveillance scheme that enables the continuous effectiveness of a human resource management system. In summary, the effects of the tenets of both modernism and postmodernism are evident within the workplace or within organizational theories of management and hence management itself as they influence the historical pith of constructing the relations within the workplace.The modernist conception, which perceive s reality as bound by static relations, failed to account for the indeterminate variables resulting from the complexity of great power relations within the workplace. Such a complexity, however, was accounted for by a postmodernist perspective of organizations collectable to its recognition of the fluidity of social relations as a result of their embeddedness within the discourse of power and knowledge that define the conditions within any sphere in this context the public sphere.Within the field of Human Resource Management, the construction of knowledge operates through rules of classification, ordering, and distribution evident in the definitions of activities and the formation of rules of procedure, which determines a particular proposition institutions management discourse. The importance of postmodernist perspectives lies in its promise of the possibility of autonomy within such a predefined and hence rigid sphere.The possibility, in this sense, may be attained through enab ling the co-existence and interrelationships between human resource technologies of the self and other disciplinary methods. In line with the postmodernist specifically Foucauldian discourse, the postmodernist has thereby enabled the development of Human Resource Systems and hence Management systems that enable the formation of an understanding regarding the subject matter in which various individuals may be formulated so as to create a system which allows the creation of objectivity amidst the grounds of subjective wills.

Ukrainian Immigrant Experience in Canada Essay Example for Free

Ukrainian Immigrant Experience in Canada EssaySoviet Union was suffering extravagance after an abortive coup in Moscow when Ukraine, formerly a European Soviet, emerged as an self-supporting nation on solemn 24, 1991. Right after coming into existence, the new born nation undertook a strenuous and all-embracing economic, constitutional and political reform. Canada was the first western country to acknowledge Ukraines nonparasitic status on December 2, 1991. (Luciuk and Bohdan p. 12) Thenceforward Canada has constantly been helping out Ukraine sustain as an independent autonomous nation giving an impetus to make full and healthy relations between the two countries. However this close association finds its origins in the past hundred years of Ukranian migration to Canada. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Ukrainian immigration to Canada started intimately a century ago, when on September 7, 1891, two peasants Ivan Pylypiw and Vasyl Eleniak, arrived at the Canadian metropolis Montreal fr om their home liquidation Nebyliw in Eastern Galicia. The peasants landing was a precursor to an influx of Ukrainian immigrants to Canadian mainland marking the reservoir of a step to progress. (Gerus and Rea p. 46)Several crucial factors impelled the Ukrainians to migrate to Canada, the major wholenesss being the national inequalities and sociable prejudices, malnutrition, and illiteracy. The financial plight of the Ukrainian citizens promised them nothing but a dismal and bleak future. While on the other hand, 19th century Canada, a land of bright horizons offered large scale immigration opportunities. The lots needed manpower to build railways in the country, to boost its urban and industrial infrastructure and manage its mines and forests, unfastened up the panels for Ukrainian peasants. (Luciuk and Bohdan pp.121-129) The untapped potential of the Canadian land was enough to lure the dismayed and barren immigrants. In the hope of better future prospects for their poverty-st ricken families, they left behind their home soil and the love ones to take up precarious load abroad. Most of the peasants brought along few tools and material for them including money in order to start their rehabilitation themselves. However some importantly, they brought along persistent determination to achieve their aims, a sheer devotion to their traditional and cultural values, which thrive even to date.The initial Ukrainian immigrations were largely agricultural because the majority of the Ukrainians were farmers. They established their communities in different Prairie Provinces such as Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Since the early Ukrainians were from Galicia and Bukovyna, which were wooded areas located in the Carpathian Mountains as compared to the Canadian Prairie Provinces, they settled in the wooded aspen parklands of Alberta. (Luciuk p. 1) THE IMMIGRANT MOVEMENTSThe arrival of the Ukrainian immigrants to Canada can be loosely dissevered into three seethes ea ch different from the other in several ways depending on the reasons of migration and conditions which prevailed. The earliest multitude of immigrants belonged to Halychyna or Galicia. They found the northern Parkland area favorable for their settlement, as it ensured three indispensable inborn resources. (a) Wood which would serve as a construction material as well as a source of fuel.(b) Water, to provide for animal and human consumption, (c) Arable land for agriculture. The dawn of World War I marked the end of this earliest wave of settlement in which around 125000 Ukrainians established their livelihood in Canada. (Gerus and Rea pp. 52-64) After World War II, the second wave of immigrants arrived between the years 1924 and 1929. This lot of immigrants differed from the previous one in a way that it constituted mostly farm laborers, political expatriates and Ukrainian soldiers who had fought against Poland and Russian communists.This wave comprised almost 225000 Ukrainians. (L upul p. 75) During 1947 to 1952, arrived the third badge of Ukrainian immigrants including most of those who had been drasticly subjected to slavery in Germany. They had no go for to return to now Soviet-powered Ukraine after the end of war. This group of immigrants was the most skilled of all as it comprised of professionals, musicians and scientists who came belike from the more privileged section of the society.These skilled professionals tended to adjust quickly as they had a better recover of availing the educational and extensive training opportunities as compared to the previous deprived immigrants. (Gerus and Rea p. 69) Finally the most recent gasp of Ukrainians to Canada occurred after its declaration of independence in 1991. Relatively smaller in size, this group of immigrants principally chose to subsist the urban centres, which sets them apart from their predecessors who tended to inhabit both urban and rural areas. WORLD WAR IThe eructation of World War I left th e Ukrainian immigrants and Bishop Budka (first Ukrainian Bishop in Canada) aghast. As the world-wide international matters took a sharp turn, the Ukrainians also like the other Eastern Europeans confronted great upheavals in the form of increased discrimination. (Kaye p. 83) non barely the immigration suffered a hitch but it also imposed restrictions on the already vitality Ukrainians in Canada. Since Ukrainian immigrants to Canada mostly came from Galicia, which fell partly under the control of Austrian Empire, they tended to hold Austrian citizenship.For that matter the Ukrainian immigrants were suspected by the Canadian authorities. It was a sheer misfortune that when the heir to the Austrian throne was killed by a Bosnian Serb on June 28, 1914, Bishop Budka issued a letter just a sidereal day back exhorting all Ukrainians to abide by the Austrian cause. The following day, Austria raged war on Russia as Serbia was her ally. When rattling(a) Britain raged war against Germany , Bishop Budka had to retract his stand and therefore he issued another letter, this time siding for the British stance. plainly the damage could not be earningsd.The Canadian government translated its suspicions into official policy and declared on August 15, that all foreign enemies residing in Canada were liable to imprisonment, disenfranchisement and deportation. (Kaye p. 186) INTERNMENT CAMPS The World War 1 changed the local attitudes towards Ukrainian immigrants to a great extent. They had to endure a long struggle through harsh policies of the government and atrocities of the war. The instruction execution of the War Measures Act (1914) further aggravated the situation, disenfranchising all those settlers who entered Canada after 1902.Those who failed to follow the new orders were sent to incarceration camps. (Lupul p. 121) Already, the immigrants from Eastern Europe had not been able to immediately blend with the Anglo-Canadian community much fuel to the ignition was a dded by the World War 1. The anti-foreign sentiment borne out by the war drove an English-speaking committee to petition the officials for the detainment and exile of all Ukrainians from the province. Consequently a large number of Ukrainians lost their jobs in Canada and were situated in internment camps behind fences.Those Ukrainians who tried to serve in the Canadian forces were regarded as untrustworthy and and so rejected. The Ukrainian internees were subsequently used by the Canadian government to help develop their infrastructure. Through forceful means they were subjected to back-breaking labor for the growth of mining, enter, transportation and agriculture in the country. Grand projects like Banff National Park, logging industry in Northern Ontario and Quebec, steel mills in Central Canada, the mines in Western Canada, Ontario and Nova Scotia were only a few fruitions of the Ukrainian drudgery.Canadian officials found these poor corvees to such an extent that the intern ment lengthened to two years even after the end of World War I. The horrid situation of the heartbroken Ukrainian Canadians was finally noticed by the Prime Minister Paul Martin in August, 2005, who referred to internment as a dark chapter in the history of Canada. A pledge of $2. 5 million was declared to recompense for the immigrants. However, to much dismay of the hapless citizenry, neither the promised funds, nor a legal settlement came true by June 2007. (Luciuk and Kordan p.52) educational REFORM After a bleak period of war and subjectivity, the enlightened Ukrainians paved the way to enormous educational activity. There was an upswing of journalistic trend among the contemporary Ukrainians. An Increasing number of instructors and University students took up journalism as the only medium, to inform, direct and guide the befuddled fellow masses. They realized that education was their only weapon to bring about a change and they propagated this notion widely. Manitoba was the first Canadian province to witness a transition.educational institutes opened in Ukrainian settlements. However the Ukrainian people apprehended that the aims of these academies could be to drive Ukrainian children away from their culture and traditions. They desired their children to be taught by the Ukrainian-speaking teachers rather than English-speaking instructors because of the widely-accepted belief that the English teacher did not always have much reverence for other cultures. Predictably enough, all other languages omit English were banned in public schools in Manitoba.Since 1916 to date, ardent Ukrainian Bilingual teachers of Happy ideal School have managed to keep their cultural heritage alive. The more promising growth could be witnessed on the University level at Canadian universities. The fervent efforts of the two non-Ukrainian professors George Simpson of the University of Saskatchewan and Watson Kirkconnell of Acadia University introduced Ukrainian scholarships i n the academic convention. (Kaye pp. 92-101) The Canadian set of Ukrainian Studies at the University of Alberta, the Centre for Ukrainian Canadians Studies ( St.Andrews College) at the University of Manitoba and the Chair of Ukrainian Studies at the University of Toronto are the most highlighted educational centers. This long-deprived citizenry of immigrants not only recognized the power of education, but also evolved print media as a major source of cultural dissemination. The Ukrainian Canadians produced prolific publications offering a thorough melt down of genres including popular literature as well as critically acclaimed academic journals in their native language.racial HOSTILITIES Apart from the social inequalities, the Ukrainian immigrants also had to suffer at the hands of racial discrimination by the Anglo-Canadian denizens. The distinct nature of Ukrainian ways of dressing up, their habits and traditions, language and religion provoked much impudence among the Canadian citizenry. They ridiculed the immigrants largely because they had their own ways prominently different from the British ways and practices.

Historical Analogy of the Democratic Party’s position in the Southern Region of America Essay Example for Free

diachronic Analogy of the Democratic ships companys position in the federationern Region of America EssayAmericas Democratic company is one of the domains two major political segmentationies. The organization has a coherent history, save when compared to the Democratic society of 1792, todays party is very different. The Democratic party was founded in the 1790s by doubting Thomas Jefferson, who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence. Jefferson became the maiden Democratic president of the United States in 1800. oer side by side(p) 70 years, as the organization grew, so did its swan in the to the south.After the end of the Civil fight in 1865, African Americans favored the republican Party and its anti-slavery views, while the Democratic volume was grey Whites, who were not in favor of political rights for former slaves (Grantham, 1992). In 1868, Ulysses S. Grant, a republican, was elected chair with the help of African American Republicans , who were voting in a presidential alternative for the first time.During Grants presidency, the mathematical group Republicans introduced the15th Amendment, which stated that a right to vote could not be denied because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude (Carnes Garraty, 2006, p. 434) Over the years, the Democratic Party has left behind umteen of its old principles and ideals, especially with todays charge of African Americans in the party. The Democrats once maintained the support of White southerners by backing Jim Crow laws and backup racial Historical Analogy 2 egregation, but today, the majority of African Americans vote for the Democratic tag (Aldrich, 1995). African Americans began to shift from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party in the 1940s, despite the Democrats opposition to fourteenth Amendment, which granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States (Carnes Garraty, 2006, p. 430). In the election of 1940, Frank lin D. Roosevelt, a Democrat, added civil rights to his party platform. As a result, Roosevelt and the Democratic Party gained support from African American voters (Aldrich, 1995).Today, the majority of African Americans are registered as Democrats. John Kerry carried 89% of the African American vote in the 2004 presidential election, and African Americans continue to gain more political position in the Democratic Party (Wenner, 2004). In 2008, the Democrats nominated Illinois Senator Barack Obama, as its presumptive presidential nominee, solidifying Obamas place in history as the first African American to be a major political partys presumptive nominee for President of the United States.For almost a century after the end of the Civil War, the Democratic Party had a strong presence in the Southern region of America. From 1880 to 1960, the region was known as the Solid South because Democrats won by large margins in the area (Grantham, 1992). The Solid South began to come apart when President Harry S. Truman, a Democrat, began supporting the civil rights movement (Black Black, 2003). Following Roosevelts path, civil rights was a part of Trumans 1948 Democratic platform, used at the Democratic National Convention.Historical Analogy 3 As a result of Trumans endorsement of the civil rights movement, which included adopting a resolution to condemn the Ku Klux Klan, many conservative Southern Democrats walked out of the National Convention and left the Democratic Party (Aldrich, 1995). The Democratic support of the civil rights movement significantly reduced Southern support for the Democratic Party and allowed the Republican Party to step in and gain a little success in the South.In the 1950s, the Southern Democrats, who distant the Democratic Partys support of the civil rights movement, formed the Dixiecrat Party, which was led by then-Governor of South Carolina, Strom Thurmond. When the Dixiecrat Party turn up to be unsuccessful, Thurmond and many other former Southern Democrats switched to the Republican Party. Thurmond, a tenacious belligerent of unreconstructed conservatism, abandoned the Democratic Party to become the first Republican senator from the Deep South in the twentieth century (Black Black, 2003, p. 1)The Republican Partys strength in the South grew during the election of 1964. Although Lyndon B. Johnson, a Democrat won the election, he did not carry the five states of the Solid South, which included Louisiana, Mississippi, Georgia, South Carolina and aluminum (Aldrich, 1995). The Deep South states provided an electoral victory to the Republican view, Barry Goldwater. It was the first time since Reconstruction that a Republican carried the South in a presidential election (Carnes Garraty, 2006). Johnson and the Democrats continued to lose support in the South by supporting the Civil Rights Act of 1964.After signing the landmark legislation, Johnson said to his aide, Bill Moyers, Historical Analogy 4 I think we just deli vered the South to the Republican Party for a long time to come (Grantham, 1992, p. 12). As support for the Democrats in the South dwindled, in 1968 election Republican vista Richard Nixon used Southern Strategy, to capitalize in the election (Carnes and Garraty, 2006, p. 810). Nixon used a method that attracted the former Southern Democrats, who were still conservative and supported segregation. With his strategy, Nixon defeated the Democratic candidate, Hubert Humphrey, in the election.The era of the Solid South proved to be over, with the Democratic candidate only carrying one Southern state in 1968 election (Dewey, 1992). The Republicans strategy to win voters in the South alienated African American voters from the Republican Party and pulled in more Southern Whites, who did not support integration, which was favored by the Democratic Party. Over time, Southern White voters continued to support the Republican Party. Today the Democratic Party is no longer the paramount party i n the South. The South is now considered a stronghold of the Republican Party.In 2000, presidential candidate Al Gore received no electoral votes from the South, and neither did John Kerry in the following election in 2004 (Wenner, 2004). As the Democratic Partys strength weakens in the South, the opposite is happening in the Northern region of America. The Democratic Party was weak in North from the 1880s to the 1960s, when the organization controlled the South, but it is now strongest in the Northeast (Black and Black, 2003). In the 2004 election, all nine Northeastern states, from Pennsylvania to Maine, voted for the Democratic rag of John Kerry and John Edwards (Wenner, 2004. Historical Analogy 5 From supporting slavery in the 1800s to supporting its first African American presidential candidate in 2008, the Democratic Party has evolved. Despite going by means of name changes, leaders and incarnations over the years, the Democratic Party has retained its same basic values. It prides itself on organism the party for the working people, but as Americas view of who was entitled to be a referred to as the working people has changed, so did the views of Democratic Party.

The Importance of Reading Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Reading EssayWhen there were no televisions or computers, reading was a primary leisure activity. People would spend hours reading books and travel to lands remote away-in their minds. With time, people have lost their skill and passion to read. There are many other provoke and thrilling options available, aside from books. And that is a shame because reading offers a productive approach to improving wording and word power. It is advisable to indulge in at least half an hour of reading a day to keep abreast of the various styles of writing and new vocabulary. Children who love reading have comparatively higher IQs.They are more creative and do better in school and college. Parents have to instill the importance of reading to their children in the early years. Reading helps in developing vocabulary and reading loudly helps to build a strong emotional bond between parents and children. The children who start reading from an early shape up have good language skills, and they grasp the variances in phonics much better. Reading helps in mental development and stimulates the muscles of the eyes. Reading involves greater levels of concentration and adds to the conversational skills of the reader.It is an indulgence that enhances the knowledge acquired, consistently. The drug abuse of reading also helps readers to trace new words and phrases that they come across in everyday conversations. The habit can become a healthy addiction and adds to the information available on various topics. It helps us to stay in-touch with contemporary writers as well as those from the days of yore and makes us sensitive to global issues. It is therefore essential to cultivate the habit of reading from an early age for self development.

The film versions Essay Example for Free

The photo versions EssayThe background knowledge in this version is very ominous. It begins with a boy, stumble walking along a road past the gallows, which gives the audiences the feeling that danger is about beca utilization gallows were we criminals were murdered so it hints that a criminal is about. The dispose is gloomy and looks like it is going to rain. You groundwork tell this even though it is non it colour. As speckle goes into the graveyard, you can see the empty moors in the background. The graveyard looks intimidating because of the gravestones that look like people so it seems like approximatelyone is watching mop, this makes the audiences feel like someone is watching them too. As thither is no one about, it makes it more frightening because there is no one to see what happens or anyone to look after(prenominal) Pip. This is exaggerated because there are no people around so it makes it daunting. All together the setting is a place that most people wouldnt go to unless there was a good reason or if they did go in they wouldnt go in alone. This makes the audiences fell nervous and get out of the action.There is a destiny of sound in the 1946 version, the wind is howling and you can hear the trees creaking, because of new technologies and special effects some people might say the it sounds fake but it would have sounded very atmospheric at the metre it was made. The sounds make the audiences feel like they are in the situations where the wind is howling and the tress are creaking. When Pip speaks his voice sounds very innocent and childish which makes the audiences think he is more venerable, Magwitch voices is dark, menacing and forceful which would station a chill down the audiences spin.The differences in the voices and the atmospheric sounds build up the tensions in the first scene. Pip is dressed in poor-looking clothes but he still looks like he is well cared for because he is wearing warm clothes, we already know from the so unds that it was cold, the wind in the trees. Magwitch is wearing rags and looks poor and scruffy. We know that he is a criminal because of the shackles around his feet. Portraying them like this tells the audiences straight away who the people are so it doesnt need to be explained. The start outing is used to great effect and helps create the atmosphere which colour does now.Although there is not any colour they are still ably to expose some things though light. You can tell if it is light black and white or dark black and white. The most potent part is when Magwitch has Pip on the gravestone, when you see the both together it looks like Pip is in the light and Magwitch is in the dark, this is trying to express that Pip is nice and innocent and Magwitch is the malevolence person, this is done by making the light and setting brighter behind Pip than it is behind Magwitchs this makes the audiences think Pip is nice and Magwitch isnt all though they my not notice it.Nonetheless the light helps you to feel what the setting is like for, example the dark sky suggests it gloomy, if you didnt use lighting it would make it harder to tell. Being in black and white some people say it looks bore but I think it creates a misty atmosphere that adds to build the tension. The camera changes between the both characters Pip and Magwitch and doesnt show them both together to start with, this is done quickly when each one is talking, doing these speeds up the pace of the first scene.It only showed part of their face to start with not all of it. Its also effective when Magwitch looks down at his feet, which shows us the shackles, this is done because it make the audience feel like they know what he is thinking. Having the camera change between the two doesnt give the audiences time to take in the face until it show them together, this makes the audiences eager to see what he looks like.