The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

The Great Gatsby is written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. prick Carraway is a neutral character and narrates this novel. He witnesses most of the interactions between the characters, yet states only what happens and not just his opinion. Nick moves from the mid-west to Long Island. Jay Gatsby lives next door to Nick in the East Egg. He lives in a mansion, which he bought with the money he do by being involved in organized crime. He lives across from Tom and Daisy. Daisy used to go out with Jay but she broke up with him because he could not support her lifestyle. While Tom is having an affair with another woman, Myrtle, Jay and Daisy have one. Tom gets bored with his affair and decides to stop Jay and Daisys. While Tom and Daisy are parkway in car, Daisy hits Myrtle, yet Tom says it was Jay. Myrtles husband gets furious, kills Jay and then himself. Fitzgerald uses this book to tell Americans not to try to make dreams reality by corruption. To apply money by illegal sources is not the w ay to achieve the American Dream.Nick lives next to a mansion, which belongs to Jay Gatsby and becomes friends with him. Jay turns out to still like Daisy, who is Nicks second cousin. Before Jay was sent to the army, he and Daisy were together. Yet because of Jays lack of money, Daisy broke up with him. Through his friend Meyer Wolfsheim, who fixed the World series in 1919 and involved in organized crime, he gained his fortune. When he returned, Daisy had already been married to another wealthy person, Tom Buchanan. Nick arranges for the two of them to meet, and they have an affair. Tom, who is as well having an affair with a married woman, Myrtle, confronts Daisy and Jay, and Daisy is forced to return to Tom. As Daisy and Gatsby are driving, they run over and kill Myrtle Wilson, Toms mistress. Tom lies to Mr. Wilson, and tells him that Gatsby was the driver, when actually, Daisy was driving. Wilson shoots Gatsby at his home afterwards and then commits suicide. Nick is disappointe d with the life, which he planned for in New York and decides to go back to his hometown in the mid-west.The Great Gatsby took place during the well-fixed Twentys. Nick graduated from New Haven in 1915 and I came East, permanently, I thought, in the spring of twenty-two.

America Must Increase the Minimum Wage :: Increase Minimum Wage Essays

Things like child care and sick leave and equal pay. Things like lower mortgage premiums and a higher minimum employ. These ideas will pull ahead a meaningful difference in the lives of millions of families. That is a fact. And thats what all of us Republicans and Democrats alike were sent to Washington to do... -- President Obama, State of the Union address In the United States nominal Wage is approaching record lows. Even with recent increases inflation is one of the primary(prenominal) reasons that workers are being paid less for dig than they were back in the Seventies. There are about 3 million workers in the United States that worked full time stratum round last year and still fell below the National poverty level. If everyone earns exactly the same amount of money, then the income distribution would be perfectly equal. If no one earns each money except for one person, who earns all of the money, then the income distribution would be perfectly unequal. In a nor mal society Income Distribution is usually somewhere in the middle of perfectly equal or unequal. When a small number of people start receiving a large portion of the income in a society, the government tries to find ways to redistribute income. Governments try to stop the rich from getting richer, and the poor from getting poorer in order to achieve a slap-up balance in income distribution. Minimum wage laws are a way that the federal and state governments balance income distribution. Minimum Wage is considered a worth floor. Minimum wage laws determine the lowest price possible that any employer must pay for labour. In the traditional minimum wage model the quantity of supplied labor is greater then the quantity demanded. Minimum wage is above equilibrium price and quantity. Minimum wage prevents labor supplied and labor demanded from moving toward equilibrium price and quantity. Minimum wage levels become the floor and wages can not fall below the floor price. In the fi rst two Minimum wage graphs a study that was done in New Jersey to show the effects of a minimum wage increase in affair. One of the main arguments against increasing minimum wage is that it would cause an increase in job loss. The graphs show that there was not a huge difference in employment when New Jersey after they increased minimum wage from $4.

War on Drugs = War on Terrorism??? Essay -- Essays Papers

War on Drugs = War on Terrorism??? The United States new claim in todays world of propaganda and mind-warping media is that The War on Terrorism = The War on Drugs. Recently simple anti- drug slogans have been manipulated into aggressively and often erroneously exaggerated media assaults. (planetpapers.com) The United States claims that all(prenominal) person can help chip terrorism by choosing not to buy or use illicit drugs, and the establishment itself can help fight terrorism by implementing a more effective War on Drugs throughout the country. They claim that illicit drugs ar the major monetary support of terrorist groups throughout the world, which in some respects is correct. Due to this claim, teenagers and drug users across the United States are seen as supporting these terrorists through their purchase and consumption of illicit drugs. The government has now stooped so low as to blame our own children for terrorism.The United States governmen ts claim, that if a person buys or uses illicit drugs then(prenominal) they are supporting terrorism, is outrageous and utterly false. President Bush claims, Its so important for Americans to know that the traffic in drugs finances the work of terror, sustaining terrorists, that terrorists use drug profits to fund their cells to commit acts of murder. If you quit drugs, you join the fight against terror in America. (peacecouncil.net) This is false because many of the illicit drugs world bought and consumed by the citizens of this country are being produced here in the U.S., so the purchase of these drugs cannot possibly be contributing to terrorism. Another reason why this claim is false is that many of the drugs being consumed in the U.S. are imported from count... .... advertisement and other propaganda to try and cover up their failures, and this should not be tolerated by the people of this country. Something needs to change and righteousness needs to be taken up.Biblio graphyTruth. Drugs and Terrorism. http//www.theantidrugwar.com. Hess, Michael. Mass Media Helps Distort Terrorism / Drugs Link. http//bbsnews.net/bw2002-02-05.html. 02/05/02Coretnor. A War on Drugs Becomes a War on Terrorism. http//www.planetpapers.com/Assets/4989.php. Sept. 27, 2002Anonymous Stoner. A toke from the Superbowl. http//smokedot.org/story/2002/2/4/1834/18948. 02/04/02Bovard, James. The Bush Administrations Drugs = Terrorism Fraud. http//www.fff.org/comment/com0204f.asp. April 2002Moeller, Emily. The War on Drugs and Terrorism Madison Avenue Enlists. http//www.peacecouncil.net/709MadisonAve.htm

Capital in the Market and Economy :: essays research papers

Capital is considered anything that helps enable us to reach our goals, while improving the energy of goods and services that we use or produce. Capital is one of the main attributes of improvement. Capital can be almost anything, it can be mental (such as nurture or training), material (such as a computer or a machine) or it can be money. Capital is invested in a good or service to increase efficiency in mathematical product, to increase output and as to increase overall consumer benefit and satisfaction. Capital is a major part of markets and the economy.In order to keep investing capital, there are times where consumption levels need to be decreased in order to collect, or save up, to a greater extent capital. When you open a savings account, the interest that you earn is actually paid by businesses that have been using your money as capital. You may have condition up a monthly shopping spree to save your money. While you are saving, someone is birthing interest (your capital ) on the money you saved, because they have borrowed it to pay for capital investments such as land, a building, machinery, etc. in order to improve their overall production.If we look at capital in a working(a) environment, we see that when we increase capital goods for workers, they can be more productive. This works up to a point. The law of diminishing returns declares that a general increase in output occurs when capital goods per worker increase, but there comes a point where each increase in capital goods produces a lesser impact on output. At this point, the number of human capital (workers) needs to be increased to utilize the capital goods already in place and continue to improve efficiency. An employment of this is the clich too many cooks in the kitchen. If you have too many cooks, you need to increase the pots and ingredients. When you increase the pots and ingredients, the cooks are able to work more efficiently and similarly produce more. When you get too many pots and ingredients, and the cooks are running back and forth, efficiency is decreased. You may still be getting more produced, but not at the same rate when each cook had their own pot and ingredients. At this point, you need to bring in more cooks (human capital) to again increase production efficiency and output.The same holds true for capital markets and the economy.

The History of Domestic Violence Essay -- Violence Against Women Essay

Domestic Violence is a critical issue negatively impacting women in the world today. There has to be something done to prevent this type of abuse from happening. The results of my research revealed that there are many victims that do not love the type of help that is available and there needs to be major improvement in the way domestic violence cases are handled. Based on my findings, awareness and prevention programs should be implemented in every state in order prevent this type of abuse from happening over and over. Also, each program must be monitored to ensure they are following the proper guidelines in order to better serve the victims and their families. Has domestic violence stemmed from the psychic abuse suffered by our ancestors that still feel that they need to either be control or control others? According to our history text, The first impulse was to count of freedom as a contrast to slavery. Emancipation immediately released slaves from the most oppressive aspects o f bondagethe whippings, the breakup of families, the sexual exploitation. Freedom also meant movement, the right to cash in ones chips without a pass or white permission. Above all, freedom meant that African Americans labor would be for their own benefit. One Arkansas freedman, who earned his first horse working on a railroad, recalled thatwhen he was paid, I felt like the richest man in the world.Freedom included finding a new steer to work. Changing jobs was one concrete way to break the psychological ties of slavery. Even planters with reputations for kindness sometimes saw their former hands depart. The cook who left a South Carolina family even though they offered her higher wages than her new job explained, I must go. If I stays here Ill never inhabit ... ...ased play interventions for children (pp. 31-49). American Psychological Association. doi10.1037/11086-003. Rosenbaum, A., & Kunkel, T. (2009). Group interventions for suggest partner violence. Psychological and ph ysical aggression in couples Causes and interventions (pp. 191-210). American Psychological Association. doi10.1037/11880-009. Straus, M. (2009). sexual urge symmetry in partner violence evidence and implications for prevention and treatment. Preventing partner violence Research and evidence-based intervention strategies (pp. 245-271). American Psychological Association. doi10.1037/11873-011. Sullivan, C. (2006). Interventions to address intimate partner violence The current state of the field. Preventing violence Research and evidence-based intervention strategies (pp. 195-212). American Psychological Association. doi10.1037/11385-008.

The History of Domestic Violence Essay -- Violence Against Women Essay

Domestic Violence is a critical issue negatively impacting women in the demesne today. There has to be something d unrivalled to pr heretoforet this type of abuse from happening. The results of my research revealed that there are many victims that do not know the type of overhaul that is available and there needs to be major improvement in the way domestic effect cases are handled. Based on my findings, awareness and cake programs should be implemented in every state in order prevent this type of abuse from happening over and over. Also, each program moldiness be monitored to ensure they are following the proper guidelines in order to better serve the victims and their families. Has domestic violence stemmed from the mental abuse suffered by our ancestors that still feel that they need to either be control or control others? According to our history text, The first impulse was to think of freedom as a contrast to slavery. Emancipation immediately released slaves from the most op pressive aspects of bondagethe whippings, the breakup of families, the sexual exploitation. Freedom also meant movement, the right to travel without a reach out or white permission. Above all, freedom meant that African Americans labor would be for their own benefit. One Arkansas freedman, who earned his first dollar working on a railroad, recalled thatwhen he was paid, I felt like the richest man in the world.Freedom included finding a new place to work. Changing jobs was one concrete way to break the psychological ties of slavery. Even planters with reputations for kindness sometimes saw their former hands depart. The cook who left a South Carolina family even though they offered her higher wages than her new job explained, I must go. If I stays here Ill never know ... ...ased play interventions for children (pp. 31-49). American Psychological Association. doi10.1037/11086-003. Rosenbaum, A., & Kunkel, T. (2009). Group interventions for intimate partner violence. Psychological and physical aggression in couples Causes and interventions (pp. 191-210). American Psychological Association. doi10.1037/11880-009. Straus, M. (2009). Gender symmetry in partner violence evidence and implications for prevention and treatment. Preventing partner violence Research and evidence-based intervention strategies (pp. 245-271). American Psychological Association. doi10.1037/11873-011. Sullivan, C. (2006). Interventions to address intimate partner violence The current state of the field. Preventing violence Research and evidence-based intervention strategies (pp. 195-212). American Psychological Association. doi10.1037/11385-008.

Freak the Mighty and The Mighty compare and contrast

Freak the Mighty and The Mighty and both known by many. mavin is a book and the other is a movie based on the book. Although they can relate to each other this book and movie both are unique in their own ways. One similarity of these pieces of art is that the chapters match up. Maxs childlike chapter titles are very much incorporated in the movie. For example, chapter 6 of the book Close hap of the Turd Kind is narrated in the movie. In addition, Killer Kane comes to the down under just as expected after the chapter title What Came Down the Chimney.Also, when shameful gets a gun Max hears the wretchedly loud conversation his grandparents had that he is not supposed to hear, just like in the book. Furthermore, the tone set by Rodman Philbrick is undeniably there considering the execution of the suspenseful scenes, i. e. when Kevin starts choking on american chop suey and when Max is throwing things in frustration when he learns his father is on parole. firearm these similarities show what these pieces have incommon Freak the Mighty and The Mighty still have differences that make them distinctive.Although the characters have the same names, I have got to say there display was definitely incorrect. In the book Max was said to be 7 feet tall, temporary hookup Kevin was said to be 2 feet tall. In the movie Max was somewhat 6 feet and Kevin was the height of an average 6th grader at Eldorado K-8 ( about 46). Kevin was supposed to have blond hair and blue eyeball ( the movie gave him brown eyes and brown hair) while Maxes appearance was not clear in the book. Additionally, in the book, Kevin and Max seemingly lived in suburbia while the movie gave the impression they lived in much more of a city.For example, the old testaments seemed much bigger and better-looking than described in the book ( broken toys and crucify and dirty children who seemed a little broken themselves). The minor problem in plot detail is a third difference. In the movie, Kevin is appare ntly Maxs LD (learning disabled) reading tutor. In the book there is no mention of tutoring that went on between the boys in school. Without a doubt, Freak the Mighty and The Mighty remain like by their names and who the story was inspired or written by, but these pieces are individual works of art with varying traits.

African Childbirth Traditions

In the majority of African communities birth is a meaning-laden event both for the p bents and the community as a whole. Children are viewed as a conjure from God. However, despite this, very little preparation bequeath be made prior to the birth itself as it is believed that per get uping acts such as naming a child, buying clothes or preparing food is overly optimistic.For this reason motherhood allow not be mentioned until the point at which it becomes noticeable. In addition to this, the women themselves will continue to work through fall out their pregnancy as this is deemed a sign of their strength and suitability for motherhood. Hot mustard will not be eaten during pregnancy as it is widely believed that it can cause the mother to miscarry.Warm foods, however, will be consumed due to beliefs that they assist with the healing process after the birth of the child. Many women will refrain from taking vitamins or other supplements during their pregnancy as they believe that su ch nutritional supplements will cause the baby to grow larger and gum olibanum make delivery more painful.In African society the birth itself will generally take place in the house of the parents, or, in the case of the runner born child, the house of the Mothers or Fathers parents. In some communities there are special birthing houses that are created for the intend of childbirths but these are relatively rare.Although, in some cases, a trained specialist will usually deliver the baby it is not uncommon for an sr. woman or traditional healers to act as a midwife. This can threaten the health of both the mother and the baby and concerns over this tradition are well documented.During the labor stage of delivery men are not allowed in the room. The woman will generally give birth in a squat position or on a birthing stool surrounded by her close friends and family who will burn incense and drink recent coffee.In some African communities the mother will be permitted some pain reli ef during the later stages of delivery and this will generally be administered in the form of herbal remedies. However, many people in Africa view pain as a compulsory part of giving birth and view it as a reminder of their basic human weakness.Many women treat childbirth as a test of their own self worth and will refrain from crying out in pain during the process in order to retain dignity and moral virtue.

Caribbean Slavery Essay

Slaves were people captured in war, used to settle a debt, or made slaves as a means of punishment. The Spaniards in the Caribbean had little need for African slaves in the early 1500s for various reasons. The Treaty of Tordesillas, which was a line of demarcation drawn north to south, atomic number 74 of the Azores and Cape Verdes, stipulated that the areas west of the line belonged to the Spaniards and the east to the Portuguese. As a result of the treaty Africa was on Portugals side of the line, so in order for Spaniards to obtain African slaves they had to go through the Portuguese.During the period of the early 1500s the Treaty of Tordesillas resulted in the Portuguese being the first nation that the Spaniards granted an asiento. This was granted in 1515. These special licenses, asientos, only allowed a specific number of slaves into a diverse number of countries and limited the need for African slaves. The cost to ship slaves from West Africa to Portugal and Spain and then to the Americas proved prohibitive. There was easier attack to Taino labour and it was unnecessary to spend extra money on importing slaves.Tainos were used to find and mine the gold because they were familiar with the surroundings and there were exuberant Tainos to mine the little gold the Spaniards had found. oblige servants or white servants excessively contributed to the need for only a small number of African slaves in the 1500s. Indentured servants (contracted workers poor people from Europe) started to migrate to the Caribbean from Europe, as the Caribbean were advertised as having prospects of a new life and jobs. Their contracts usually lasted four to five years. The islands that were found in the Caribbean needful to be developed in order to make them suitable for living.The Spaniards offered property as an incentive to attract people who would develop the islands and settle there. This was how indentured servants were coaxed into migrating. at last however, the Amerind ians and white servants were no longer a sufficient labour force. B. The Amerindians were not used to the working conditions and thus died. Also, Old World diseases such as measles, diphtheria, typhus, cholera, florid fever, chicken pox, yellow fever, whooping cough, smallpox, influenza and gonorrhea affected them while some died from depression.Indentured servants were unskilled in cultivation and unwilling to work. They were unaccustomed to the conditions of the Caribbean and succumbed to various bran-new World diseases such as syphilis and yellow fever. Africans worked harder, survived the conditions of the Caribbean better (similar conditions existed in Africa), knew how to plant tropical plants, and were more resistant to Old World diseases. They were also less(prenominal) costly than indentured servants and there was a more constant supply of African slaves than indentured servants.The trade winds which blew from east to west made coming to the Caribbean from Africa very(pr enominal) easy. That is in comparison to traveling from Europe to the Caribbean which was difficult as the trade winds worked against sailing ships. Also ships had a longer distance to cover when they sailed to the Caribbean from Europe. African slaves were their accomplishs property. Masters could do whatever they pleased with the African slaves as they paid for them and they were their property. Offspring produced by said slaves was also their masters property.This added to the dependability of African slaves as there would always be another generation to enslave. Indentured servants could easily escape as they had the same appearances, knew the culture and language and hence could easily blend into the crowd and disappear with the influx of people coming and leaving the Caribbean islands. Africans could not do this because of their colour and it would be difficult for them to escape. This added to the appeal of development African slaves.Plantation owners became greedy and no longer wanted to give or offer their sugar lands so as to attract indentured servants to be to the Caribbean. The plantation owners saw the Africans as a commodity therefore did not have to give any incentive to attract them because they were their property and enslaved to them. For these reasons the Africans were seen as a perfect source of labour. Increased work resulted in increased productivity, which increased the wealth of the Spaniards. C. By the 1600s and 1700s African slaves became more popular in the Caribbean.Amerindians had died out by the 1500s due to diseases, overwork and ill-treatment. Indentured servants had lost fervour in coming to the Caribbean as it was costly to travel and the chances of surviving the tropical conditions were slim. Some ran away, happy chance their contract, to become Buccaneers. The decline in the number of available indentured servants and Tainos, and the growth of the colonies increased the need for labour. Sugar had become very popular a nd was in engage on the European market. The wealth that sugar brought was recognized and more land as cultivated for sugar production. The sugar revolution had begun and the Dutch saw an fortune to sell slaves in the Caribbean as there was a rise in labour needs. The Dutch were granted an asiento in 1667, by this time Dutch job in African slaves became very popular. Additionally, slaves were severely abused and thus many died. The rapid demise of slaves from the harsh conditions resulted in a constant need and this also added to the great extension of African slavery in the rest of the Caribbean in the 1600s and 1700s.

Durkheim and weber

We link Durkheim with complaisant fact, and Weber withVerstehen. Durkheims writings led to functionalism while Webers writing led to symbolic interactionism. two were Fathers of sociology, and wrote mainly in the late nineteenth century. Both called for applying the scientific method to the depicted object of society, and both wanted sociologists to be objective (although they had different ideas about objectivity). Both contributed to the sociological perspective. Both criticised Marx, but in different ways.The main difference between them was that Durkheim coined the term social fact o indicate that there were forces beyond the individual that bear on their behaviour, while Weber said we needed to understand the meanings people put on their behaviour to understand society. The approach by Weber has developed into modernistic perspective of sociology called symbolic interactionism. Durkheims prove of suicide to show how rates of suicide differed between groups with different s ocial characteristics, although we do not have enough entropy to predict which individuals would commit suicide.Suicide rates are quite predictable, when based on specific social characteristics. Durkheim used this to explain social fact. The idea of seeing social facts as external to the individual was Durkheims contribution. See Inside or Outside? In contrast, we see Webersverstehen as a deeper understanding (which is why we use the German term rather than the weaker English equivalent) of the society which we all carry within us. Although we might at first see these differences as mutually exclusive and un- reconcilable, Webers upcountry approach and Durkheims external approach, we must integrate these two perspectives.Modern sociology requires that you see them both as valid and operating simultaneously. Weber made other important contributions, eg to the study ot bureaucracy and to the factor of religious beliefs and values in social change. Similarly, Durkheim made many ot her contributions, such as differentiating between organic and mechanical solidarity, and explaining anomie. Webers study of the rise of capitalism, and his thesis that it was caused by the rise of the Protestant ethic, can be used to contrast him with Marx.

International Trade Payment & Finance Practice of Bangladesh

internationalistic art is the backb atomic number 53 of our modern, commercial world. Producers in various nations try to gain from an expanded market, rather than be limited to selling within their own borders. There ar many reasons that trade across national borders occurs, including lower doing costs in one region versus a nonher, specialized industries, lack or surplus of natural resources and consumer tastes. This trend is attributable to the increased globalization of the world economies and the availableness of trade wages and finance from the foreign positing community.Although cambers alike finance interior(prenominal) trade, their role in backing international trade is more critical due(p) to the admittanceal complications involved. First, the exportinger might question the importers big businessman to concur hire. Second, even if the importer is confidenceworthy, the government might impose exchange controls that prevent recompense to the exporter. Thi rd, the importer might non trust the exporter to ship the goods ordered. Fourth, even if the exporter does ship the goods, trade barriers or time lags in international transportation might delay arrival time. There ar a number of methods of trade fee.Before importers and exporters decide to do business with each some other they contain to understand and adopt a method suitable to accommodate their specific needs. The contract amidst buyer and seller lead specify the way in which stomachment is to be made. Certain methods of defrayal are less(prenominal) happeny than others. It is up to the buyer and seller to agree on a method that suits them both. The choice of requital method is affected by several factors alike requirements of the seller and buyer, relationships between the trading partners, the operating environment and associated risks, object of consummation and market conditions etc. Once acceptable risks have been determined then the closely appropriate paym ent method arouse be selected.Exporters use different methods of backing international trade, depending upon the resources they have available and the transactional risk they are able to absorb. The ability to access international markets is an important strategic opportunity for manufacturers and sellers because it expands a companys guest base exponentially. International trading is much more complicated than making domestic help sales, and comes with internal and external stress factors that often determine whether a company can effectively operate in the global arena.The assignment has two objectives1) To contend conceptual issues of international trade payment and finance 2) To discuss international trade payment and finance practice of BangladeshConceptual Issues of International job Payment and backing Methods To succeed in todays global marketplace and win sales against foreign competitors, exporters must offer their customers attractive sales terms support by the app ropriate payment methods. Because getting paid in full and on time is the ultimate goal for each export sale, an appropriate payment method must be chosen carefully to minimize the payment risk spell also accommodating the needs of the buyer.Financing methods use a manikin of trade finance products that are available to exporters to increase cash flow and reduce the risk associated with shipping products overseas. Importers and exporters usually need to resort to trade payment and financing mechanisms, coursed through third parties such as banks or specialized financial institutions that help guarantee both the payment to exporters and the delivery of products to importers.There are iv common methods of payment available to firms engaged in International trade Cash in Advance, Open Account / Supplier citation, Documentary Collection, and Documentary point of reference / Letters of Credit LC. Cash in advance content payment in advance, or advance payment, refers to a situation in which the seller requests payment from the buyer before he volition ship the goods. The seller only ships out the goods to the buyer after(prenominal) receiving the payment. With cash in advance payment terms, an exporter can avoid credit risk because payment is received before the ownership of the goods is transferred.Payment is usually made in the form of an international wire transfer to the exporters bank account or foreign bank draft. As technology progresses, electronic commerce will allow firms engaged in international trade to make electronic credits and debits through an intermediary bank. In cash in advance do by, at first, in that location will be a barter for sale agreement between exporter and importer. In payment procedure there will be three steps, first, importer makes payment to the exporter. Second, exporter will make the loading of goods and third, exporter will send the documents to the importer.1. Purchase Sale Agreement 2. Payment 3. Shipment of Goods 4. DocumentsFigure 1 Process of Cash-in-Advance There are some features of this method interest of exporter is fully protect and interest of importer is not protected. chamfers are involved in the process of transferring payment. Documents and onuss are directly extendled by the exporters. There is no universally accepted regulation to turn over cash-in-advance. It is guided by the purchase or sale agreement. It is one of the cheapest forms of trade payment method but it is the least popular form of trade payment method in the world. It is employ in the world less than 1%.Cash-in-Advance should be used only under the undermentioned conditions The importer is a new customer and/or has a less-established operating history. The importers creditworthiness is doubtful, unsatisfactory, or unverifiable. The political and commercial risks of the importers home sphere are very high. The exporters product is unique, not available elsewhere, or in heavy demand. The exporter operates a n Internet-based business where the acceptance of credit card payments is a must to re principal(prenominal) competitive.Open account is the reverse of cash-in-advance, in which the goods, on with all the necessary documents, are shipped directly to the importer who has agreed to pay the exporters invoice at a specified date, which is usually in 30, 60 or 90 days. The exporter should be absolutely confident that the importer will accept shipment and pay at the agreed time and that the importing country is commercially and politically secure.1. Purchase Sale Agreement 2. Shipment of goods 3. Documents 4. PaymentFigure 2 Process of Open AccountIn open account method, interest of importer is fully protected and interest of exporter is not protected. Banks are involved in the process of transferring payment. Documents and shipments are directly handled by the exporters. There is no universally accepted regulation to guide open account. It is guided by the purchase or sale agreement. It is also the cheapest forms of trade payment methods. It is the approximately popular form of trade payment method in the world. It is used in the world more than 85%. Open account terms may help win customers in competitive markets and may be used with one or more of the appropriate trade finance techniques that mitigate the risk of non-payment. It helps to establish and maintain a successful trade relationship.Involvement of bank is insignificant and frankincense its not costly for the traders. Documentary collection (D/C) is the process of collection of payment by a bank on behalf of exporter from importer against documents. The importer is not oblige to pay for goods before shipment. It offers some protection to the seller. It is more secure than shipping on an open account basis but less secure than using a letter of credit or an advance payment. In documentary film collection process, the very initial step is contract between exporter and importer where it is decided that p ayment will be collected against documents.Next step is shipment of the goods and preparation or collection of the documents by the exporter. After collection and preparation of documents exporter is supposed to submit documents along with a set of collection instruction at the counter of Remitting Bank. Remitting Bank is the bank at the counter of which documents are submitted by exporter to collect payment from importer on its behalf. Remitting Bank generally collects payment and forward documents using the usefulness of collecting and/or presenting bank.Presenting bank is the bank that presents documents to the importer. And collecting bank is the bank that is involved in the process of documentary collection. Then as per the collection instruction importer receives documents either DP (Documents against payment) or DA (Documents against acceptance). Then the importer will release the goods against documents and exporter will receive payment either immediately or as per the acce pted terms through banking channels.Figure 3 Process of Documentary CollectionIn this method, interest of importer is protected and interest of exporter is better protected than Open account. It is guided by the purchase-sale agreement and URC 522 (Uniform Rules for Collections). URC is published by International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) under the document number 522 (URC 522). All the banks involved in the documentary collection are the agent of exporters. Documentary Collection process could be risky for the exporter, if documents are not received by the importer. The exporters bank (remitting bank) and the importers bank (collecting bank) play an essential role in Documentary Collection process. Although the banks control the flow of documents, they neither verify the documents nor take any risks.It is considered to be one of the cost effective methods of evidencing a transaction for buyers, where documents are manipulated via the banking system. With documentary collection tran sactions, the exporter has little recourse against the importer in case of non-payment. Thus, documentary collection should be used only under the following conditions The exporter and importer have a well-established relationship. The exporter is confident that the importing country is politically and economically stable. An open account sale is considered also risky, and an LC is unacceptable to the importer.Documentary Credit or Letters of Credit (L/C) is the commitment, guaranty or undertaking by a bank on behalf of importer to the exporter about the payment of original amount subject to the fulfillment of trusted documentary condition. This method is a compromise between buyer and seller because it affords indisputable advantages to both parties. The exporter is assured of receiving payment from the issuing bank as long as it presents documents in accordance with the L/C. An important feature of an L/C is that the issuing bank is obligated to honor drawings under the L/C re gardless of the buyers ability or willingness to pay. On the other hand, the importerdoes not have to pay for the goods until shipment has been made and the documents are presented in good order.Documentary credit are recommended for new or less established trade relationships because the buyers bank is there to guarantee for both exporters (that payment will be made) and importers (that the terms of the contract are met). First step of Documentary Credit process is contract between buyer and seller where it is decided that payment will be made through L/C. Then the importer approaches to a bank ( air Bank) to issue L/C. Issuing bank is a bank that issues letters of credit (L/C).If the bank agrees on financing terms then L/C is issued by the issuing bank and sends to the exporter (Beneficiary). While sending L/C, issuing bank generally uses the services of a bank known as Advising Bank. Advising Bank is the bank using the service of which issuing bank advices credit to the exporter on behalf of importer. Advising Bank is selected by the Issuing Bank.After receiving L/C exporter makes shipment and prepare documents to submit to the issuing bank or its agent ( nominate Bank). Nominated Bank is the bank nominated by the issuing bank at the counter of which documents may be submitted by the exporter in addition to the counter of issuing bank. Nominated bank is selected by the preference of exporter. After the submission of documents to the Nominated Bank or Issuing Bank, documents are examined to a certain Complying Presentation. Complying Presentation means the documents submitted are in order. Documents are complying if these are in accordance with L/C terms and conditions, UCP 600 and ISBP 681.The concept of Complying Presentation is curiously important for the examination of documents by the bank and also for the exporter for preparation of the documents. If the documents are in order, there could be negotiation or honor. Negotiation is performed by the Nomin ated Bank through purchasing or discounting of documents without the consent of Issuing Bank which is a financing technique. When Nominated Bank negotiate documents it is known as Negotiating Bank. pureness means payment. If payment is occurred by issuing bank then it will be honor. Honor could be at sight, deferred basis, or acceptance basis.Following negotiation or honor documents are forwarded to the Issuing Bank for reimbursement. Issuing Bank is supposed to examine documents and makes arrangement for making payment. Issuing Bank makes reimbursement to the Nominated Bank by using the service of Reimbursing Bank. Then finally, documents are handled to the importer andthen, goods are released by the importer. After that importer make payment to the issuing bank for settlement.From above discussion we can regain some responsibilities of issuing bank Issuance of L/C and making arrangement for advising. Amendment of L/C if required. Examination of documents and honoring document. M aking reimbursement to the nominated bank.In international trade transaction there are various types of Letters of credit (L/C) is used. Broadly there are two types of Letters of credit.i. Revocable Letters of credit ii. Irrevocable Letters of credit.If any Letter of Credit can be amendment or changed of any clause or canceled by consent of the exporter and importer, it is known as Revocable Letter of Credit. In case of seller (beneficiary), revocable credit involves risk, as the credit may be amended or cancelled while the goods are in transit and before the documents are presented, or although presented before payments has been made. The seller would then face the problem of obtaining payment on the other hand revocable credit gives the buyer maximum flexibility, as it can be amended or cancelled without prior notice to the seller up to the importation of payment buy the issuing bank at which the issuing bank has made the credit available. In the modern banking the use of revoca ble credit is not widespread.If any Letter of Credit cannot be amendment or changed ofany clause without the consent of all concern parties importer (applicant), exporter (beneficiary), Issuing Bank, and Confirming Bank (in case of affirm L/C), is known as Irrevocable Letter of Credit. An Irrevocable Letter of Credit constitutes a firm undertaking by the issuing bank to make payment. It, therefore, gives the beneficiary a high degree of assurance that he/she will pay to his/her goods or services provided he/she complies with terms of the credit. There are also some special types of L/C such as Transferable L/C, Back to back L/C, Revolving L/C, Confirm L/C, ruby clause L/C, and Standby L/C.The main modes of international trade are export and import. Both of them required financing in order to hit the export and import process properly. Trade financing is financing either to the exporters or to the importers. Exporters use different methods of financing international trade, depend ing upon the resources they have available and the transactional risk they are able to absorb. Broadly financing is two types Export financing and Import financing. Export financing means financing facilities to the exporter and financing facilities to the importer is called import financing. Exporters need financing facilities at two stages i. Pre shipment stageii. Post shipment stage Pre-shipment finance for exporters is the finance required to bring an export transaction to the point of shipment either to manufacture, process, or purchase merchandise and commodities for shipment overseas. Pre Shipment Finance is issued by a financial institution when the sellers want the payment of the goods before shipment. The main objectives behind Pre-shipment finance or Pre-export finance is to enable exporter to Procure raw materials.Carry out manufacturing process. Provide a secure warehouse for goods and raw materials. Process and bring the goods. Ship the goods to the buyers. Meet othe r financial cost of the business. Pre-shipment financing is especially important to smaller enterprises because the international sales cycle is usually longer than the domestic salescycle. Pre-shipment financing can take in the form of short term gives, overdrafts and cash credits. Packing credit, back to back L/C, red clause L/C etc. are the example of pre shipment export financing. Packing Credit is a pre shipment credit offer to the exporters to meet expenses related to the preparation of goods and transportation. It is especially needed when inputs for production must be imported. It also provides additional works capital for the exporter.Post Shipment Finance is a kind of loan provided by a financial institution to an exporter or seller against a shipment that has already been made. This type of export finance is granted from the date of extending the credit after shipment of the goods to the realization date of the exporter proceeds. Exporters dont wait for the importer to d eposit the funds. Negotiation or purchasing is the example of short letter shipment export financing. As like as export financing, import financing also two types i. Pre import financingii. Post import financing. Pre import financing means financing before buying goods from exporter. L/C is the example of pre import financing which is not covered by the margin. Post Import Financing means financing after shipment of goods arrived. Once shipment of goods arrived, importer may lack the necessary liquidity to pay their issuing bank immediately. The bank can provide them the post import financing facilities. PAD (Payment Against Document), LIM (Loan against Imported Merchandise), LTR (Loan against Trust Receipt), all are the example of post import financing. PAD is created by the issuing bank at the time of making payment to the exporter on behalf of importer. If PAD is not cleared in due time then bank canceled it and convert PAD to LIM.International Trade Payment and Finance Practice of Bangladesh In the context of Bangladesh, Documentary Credit is the most popular and widely used for making import payments from Bangladesh. In 2012, 85% of import payments from the country are made through letter of credit. The other two methods- open account and documentary collection are used 3% and 10% for international trade payment respectively.Because of domestic regulation (Import policy order 2009-2012) on import of Bangladesh cash in advance is less used in Bangladesh. It is used 2% in our country for make payment againstinternational trade. In case of export, 30% of payments were received through Documentary Collection, and 65% of payments were received through Documentary Credit. Cash in advanced is used to make domestic trade payment in Bangladesh. As like other countries cash in advance is the least popular method of trade payment in Bangladesh in international trade payment. It is used 2% in our country for make payment against international trade. Open account is the most popular method of trade payment around the world. It is used more than 85% in international transaction. But in case of Bangladesh it is used only 3% of total received payment of export. Bangladesh Trade 2012Import Export Cash In Advance 2% Cash In Advance 2% Open Account 3% Open Account 3% Documentary Collection 10%Documentary Collection 30% Documentary Credit 85% Documentary Credit 65%Source BIBM Report 2012 So it can be tell that most of the export and import transactions of Bangladesh are dominantly settled by documentary credit. The result is that the businesses are paying high for their transaction settlement. As documentary credit has involvements of different parties namely the nominating bank, the reimbursing bank, the confirming bank etc. Some of them are involved only to ensure the creditworthiness of the issuing bank against a certain percentage of commission. Another reason could be that the sovereign rating is lower than that in some countries in LDC group.Al though there is specific guidelines published by the International Chamber of Commerce (Such as UCP-600, ISP98), documentary credit is an inefficient process in terms of time. As a result the businesses of our country are losing their advantage over those of some countries under the class ofdeveloping countries. As any L/C opened in our country has to comply with domestic regulations, guidelines on foreign exchange transactions along with Foreign Exchange (FE) circulars issued by Bangladesh Bank and the Import Policy Order and the Export Policy Order of the country are followed, these issues effect scrutinizing of import documents.However, it is to be remembered that whenever an L/C is established only the L/C terms are terms and only they are to be considered for examining a set of import documents. As per article 14 of the UCP 600 any bank shall have a maximum of five banking days following the day of receiving of the document to determine if a presentation is complying. In some b anks there is a practice of sending the discrepancy notices within 2-3 days after receiving the documents. Banks consider the act as a protective measure on their part. Charging of discrepancy fee appears to be another reason of such practice.Banks have been detect to approach to the importers to get their opinion before rejecting the documents. In regard to discrepancies, late shipment, late presentation, expiry of the L/C are very common. Other than some exception, whatever we import, we have to follow L/C for making payment. But the margin of L/C is very high for importer in Bangladesh. Margin means the amount of money paid by importer against opening a L/C. More over the repayment of L/C financing is also satisfactory. L/C is a payment technique but it also has financing component. Banks in Bangladesh also provide finance to importer through L/C to aid international business.In the financial year July 2010 June 2011 the total amount of L/C opened in Bangladesh was Taka 38,582 .35. full(a) import payments of Bangladesh in the financial year July 2010 June 2011 were Tk. 240,027.90. Total export receipts of Bangladesh (including exports of EPZ) during the financial years, 2010-2011 and 2009-2010 amounted to Tk. 145,007.60 and Tk. 102,148.2 respectively. Total import payments of Bangladesh (including EPZ) during the quarter July 2010-June 2011 stood at Tk. 240,027.9 (or US$ 8,788.5 million).Concluding Remarks One of the most important challenges for traders involved in a transaction is to secure financing so that the transaction may actually take place. So Bangladesh Bank imposed regulation to import through LC but most of the export payment is done by documentary collection.The faster and easier theprocess of financing an international transaction, the more trade will be facilitated. Traders require working capital (i.e., short-term financing) to support their trading activities. Exporters will usually require financing to process or manufacture products for the export market before receiving payment. In Bangladesh the trade finance is depend upon bankers and importers relationship. Therefore, Bangladesh governments should provide assistance and support in terms of export financing and development of an efficient financial infrastructure.

Challenges That Cathay Pacific Airways Faces

Challenges that Cathay peaceable Airways faces With the integration of Dragonair into Cathay peaceful Airways in 2006, its define over the domain of aviation has extensively elevated. From 2006 to 2007, the turnover of Cathay Pacific Airways has raised from HK$60,793 million to HK$ 75,364 million with a percentage increase of 24. 0% . Nevertheless, thither are internal and external challenges existing as obstacles to its future development, such as labour conflicts, global financial crisis, high capital cost and payoff of low-cost airlines,.In this essay, the latter two issues with be examined at length in terms of causes, effects and possible solutions. According to Mr. James Tien Pei-Chun, the chairman of Hong Kong Tourism Board, the insurrection oil prices increase the capital cost of global aviation industry, triggering difficulties in operation . In the first-half of 2008, the average price of aviation fuel that Cathay Pacific Airways paid was 60% higher than that in the fir st-half of 2007 . It is patent that the high capital cost is predominately attributed from perpetual high-priced air fuel which detrimentally influences Cathay Pacific Airways on the whole.On 2nd July 2008, a profit warning announcement was submitted by Cathay Pacific Airways to Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited. It stated that high-priced aviation fuel seance a significant and adverse impact on financial performance of Cathay Pacific Airways. Effective strategies of reduce the usage and wastage of fuels are urgent and self-aggrandising to offset the impact of high-priced oil for the interest of survival of business. To increase cost effectiveness in the short-run, Cathay Pacific Airways has newly adopted redeployment on flights fit to capacity.Owing to the significant demand, 8 flights are provided to Australia in addition and bigger aircrafts were used for 14 European countries. Besides, the number of flights of appreciable revenue potential drop to the Middle East lik e Dubai and Bahrain is increased by 4 per week, whereas 10 flights to North American are cut down. For sustainable and profit-maximizing development, targeted solutions of considerably cut back the wastage of fuel in the long-run are of paramount importance. It is worth noting that the weight of aircrafts determines the amount of fuel consumption.Therefore, another initiative is to reduce the weight of aircrafts by proficient improvement on designs. For examples, minimizing protrusions around the aircraft fuselage, enhancing the design of air conditioning air-in-takes and installing large lightweight wing fairings. Cumulatively, higher wing efficiency and smoother airflow are resulted. Stripping the paint of aircrafts is also a direct way to reduce the weight . In the light of CSR report 2006 of Cathay Pacific Airways, it is anticipate to save 2,730 tonnes of fuel each year approximately.In addition to the weight of aircrafts, air traffic congestion and regional air traffic cont rol restrictions provoke a substantial wastage of fuel which is 12% of total fuel consumption . In order to improve the air traffic control system, Cathay Pacific Airways arrive at collaboratively with other airline companies and regulatory agencies to strive for opening of flexible main course or exit points into Russian and Chinese airspace and adoption of flexible, fuel-optimized flight paths according to wind variability.According to the expectation of Cathay Pacific Airways, an estimated 32,000 tonnes of fuel can be saved each year. Consequently, the capital cost can be reduced. Apart from these, a number of low-cost airlines have emerged in recent years such as Hong Kong Express and Hong Kong Airlines . Facing the threat of new competitors, Cathay Pacific Airways emphatic the high-quality service with well-trained employees and introduced various strategies to attract customers.To enhance the service standard, it provides new arrival lounge at the Hong Kong International Ai rport with high-quality catering service, well-equipped shower suites computers with Internet access. Meanwhile, in order to attract customers to travel during current economic downturn, World Pass with flight discount and a variety of choices on destinations is offered. Apart from these, special fares to fourth-year citizens with a discount of 25% are offered to the elderly .Not only would this help to attract customers, this improves the image of Cathay Pacific in terms of Corporate tender Responsibility which plays a fundamental role in retaining loyal customers. Building a lifelong and friendly relationship with customers is beneficial to maintain stable commercialize share.. To conclude, it is obvious that the fast-changing external environment with numerous unknown factors poses threats to the growth of Cathay Pacific Airways.High capital cost caused by high-priced aviation fuel and entry of low-cost airlines in the market are expected to be the major challenges faced by Ca thay Pacific Airways in foreseeable future which hunt down to far-reaching influence on the revenue. Among those solutions stated, alliance with other airline companies to technically improve the design of aircrafts and monitor the air traffic system as well as developing lifelong relationship with customers are the most effective strategies to address the problems in the long-term. (786 words) References

The Global Fast-Food Industry

Colonel Harland Sanders signed up his first franchise in Salt Lake City, Utah in 1952. In 1956 he s obsolete the Corbin, Ky. eating place he owned, and began traveling across the United States to sell new franchises. Later that year he sold his first global franchise in Canada. By 1960 there were more than 200 Colonel Sanders Recipe Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) outlets. In 1963 revenues were oer $500 million and the number of outlets had increased to over 300. In 1974 at the age of 74, he sold the transaction to Jack Massey and John Brown for $2 million, one of the great bargains in business narration. The Colonel stayed on with the come with in a ceremonial role, often helping to open new franchises.Brown and Massey grew the business throughout the United States over the next several years and in 1966 took the company public, listing it on the New York Stock Exchange and the Colonel was allowed to purchase the first 100 sh bes. The year 1969 was a crucial one in the history o f the company with the first major penetration into international merchandises outside North America by acquiring franchises in England and Japan. By 1971, there were more than 2400 franchises and 600 company-owned restaurants diffuse throughout the United States and 47 other countries.1971 became another key year in company history with the sale of KFC to Heublein. This was Heubleins first significant door into the restaurant business and it did not go smoothly. By 1977 restaurant quality had declined and the Colonel was upset. Only about 20 new restaurants were being opened per year. In response, Heublein employ a new strategy emphasizing clean restaurants, product consistency across franchises and better service. Old franchise buildings were remodeled.In 1982 R. J. Reynolds Inc. (RJR), in an attempt to exchange beyond the tobacco business, acquired Heublein for $1.2 billion. KFC was profit able and growing again, further Colonel Sanders never saw the end result of Heubleins strategy in the late 1970s, because he died in 1980. RJR keep to run KFC as an autonomous business for several years. In 1985 it acquired Nabisco and in 1986, in preparation for the subsequent move to take RJR Nabisco private, it sold KFC to PepsiCo Inc. for $840 million, over the objections of former Heublein chairman, Stuart Watson. Also this year the Colonel Sanders Technical Center in Louisville, Kentucky was established.The acquisition by PepsiCo was a significant turning point in the companys history. In previous acquisitions by Heublein and RJR, KFC had been operated as a separate entity, although in different ways. Heublein tried to use its own managers to operate KFC, while RJR adopted a completely hands off approach. PepsiCo was looking to the acquisition of KFC to create some synergy within its other operations. Recently restructured into three major divisions, soft drink, chomp intellectual nourishments and restaurants, PepsiCo could cross-pollinate between divisions , for instance by selling its soft drinks in restaurants. PepsiCos culture was also lots different than KFC. PepsiCo placed a healthy emphasis on employee performance, while KFCs culture was more laid-back in the southern tradition.In 1991 a change was made that was to afford accidental consequences. Kentucky Fried Chicken decided to change their name to KFC for several reasons, according to the web site Snopes.com,A move to de-emphasize chicken because KFC planned to invite a varied menu that included other types of food. (The Boston Chicken corporation took the same approach for the same reason, changing their name of their retail food outlets to Boston Market.)A desire to eliminate the word fried, which has negative connotations to the increasingly health-conscious consumer market.A recent trend towards the abbreviation of long commercial titles, as demonstrate by other companies employing shortened forms of their names, such as The International House of Pancakes (IHOP) and Howard Johnsons (HoJo).As a result of this name change, rumors later began circulating throughout the net profit that the government had forced KFC to change its name because it was no longer using chickens. According to the rumor, KFC was producing a genetically altered chicken with more than the normal bar of appendages. In spite of the fact that some of these claims, such as chickens without beaks, feathers or feet, are beyond scientific capabilities, the rumors have persisted.Over the next several years, KFC continued to prosper and undergo changes. It refocused its strategy to increase the traffic in individual franchises by expanding the menu to appeal to a larger group of consumers. In 1993 the company added non-fried chicken to menus in the U.S. and Australia, and in 1994 KFC officially opened its 9,000th restaurant in the world, in Shanghai, China, and announced a $200 million investment over the next four years for 200 restaurants in 48 Chinese cities.1995 saw the intro duction of Colonels Crispy Strips and Chunky Chicken Pot Pie. The first KFC restaurant in Moscow was opened. In 1996 KFC introduced Tender Roast chicken pieces and brought back one of the worlds most recognized packages, the bucket, and in 1997 the company introduced Honey BBQ-flavored Tender Roast, Spicy buffalo Crispy Strips and Chicken Twister, which are wrapped up chicken and vegetables.In spite of all these innovations and improvements, PepsiCo had become increasingly unhappy with the restaurant division. Aging facilities were requiring much of the parent companys revenue to be spent on remodeling restaurants and thereby neglecting investment in the soft drink and snack food businesses. In an attempt to return to its roots, PepsiCo spun off the entire restaurant division into a publicly traded company, Tricon Global Restaurants in October 1997. In May 2002, with the acquisition of A&W and Long John Silvers, Tricon changed its name to Yum.One of the main strategic issues present ed in this case is the question of whether or not KFC should continue to expand globally and where. Since the archeozoic days of its inception, KFC has been involved outside the United States, having expanded to Canada in 1956 and then in a major move in 1969, to Japan and England. As of 2000, of the xxxv largest fast-food chains, KFC was second moreover to McDonalds in the number countries penetrated. It is an arena where KFC has had enormous success and should continue to be involved.As of 2001 KFC had more than 500 outlets in China compared to only about 400 for McDonalds. KFC beat McDonalds to China by five years, opening their first outlet in Beijing in 1987. Market surveys in China by AC Nielson have indicated a preference for KFC over McDonalds, both in terms of products and the outlets themselves. In addition, the Chinese have cultural warp in favor of chicken over beef. This is certainly an area where KFC should continue to exploit its advantage.Latin America is another global area where KFC has a weapons-grade presence. In the Central American, Caribbean and Mexican area, KFC is very competitive with McDonalds and Burger King in terms of number of outlets. It has a particularly healthy presence in Mexico and the Caribbean. Only in the Southern part of Latin America does KFC fall sharply behind McDonalds.With the advent of the North American Free Trade accord (NAFTA) the environment has changed in Mexico. A helpful factor is that one of KFCs major suppliers, Tyson Foods, has major chicken facilities in Mexico. The political environment has changed with the election of Vicente Fox. KFCs already strong presence should be expanded aggressively. They should also use this base in Mexico as a means of investing capital to make headway expand the franchise base throughout South America, in order to negate a first-mover advantage by McDonalds and Wendys. Franchise outlets require little capital than company-owned restaurants, and are thus a quicker wa y in which to expand.Anther strategic issue facing KFC is the decision to franchise or expand by company-owned restaurants and whether to refranchise. The original strategy of Colonel Sanders and his immediate successors was to franchise and not build company-owned restaurants. This allowed them to grow quicker than they would have if KFC had primarily invested in company-owned restaurants. This strategy continued until the purchase of KFC by PepsiCo. Because of a clash in corporate culture between KFC and PepsiCo, and the presence of a strong franchisee group within KFC, PepsiCo embarked on a strategy of repurchasing weaker franchises and running game them. At the time of the spin-off of KFC and the restaurant division into Tricon Restaurant Group in 1994, the percentage of company-owned restaurants was about 40%.After the spin-off, Tricon management began to divest of some of the company-owned outlets. This was the result of a change in attitude on the part of Tricon management. They did not believe in absolute control of all aspects of the local business and were willing to admit that the franchisees knew the local business better than they did. By the year 2000, the number of company-owned outlets had dropped to 27%.As shown in the SWOT analysis below, there are a number of factors in the external environment that KFC should consider when formulating and implementing strategies. Some of the more important aspects are brand name awareness, global market expansion, decrease resources available to outlets and attacks by activist groups such as PETA.On the positive side, the brand name awareness is a tremendous asset for KFC. The move in 1996 to bring back the bucket was one of the best decisions in its history. Likewise, global market expansion presents an enormous opportunity to KFC to grow. They should build on their existing international base and continue to grow franchises.On the negative side, KFC, along with other fast-food companies, is facing a shr inking of the available potential outlet locations. The proliferation of fast-food outlets in this awkward has absorbed many of the prime locations. This is another reason to justify continued overseas expansion, where many prime spots remain. Just as potential locations have dwindled, so too has the labor pool. In spite of increased unemployment since 2000, there is still a problem attracting workers in the eighteen to twenty-four year old range.An interesting aspect of the external environment that has negatively impacted KFC has been the virulent attacks on KFC by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) and other similar groups. A number of celebrities have joined the campaign against KFC, which is focused on trying to force them to change the process of defeathering chickens. KFC has consistently refused to meet with the animal rights group for years, but because of concerns of losing market share in the inner city, has recently attempted to mediate this dispute thro ugh the offices of hip-hop mogul Russell Simmons and the Reverend Al Sharpton.Examining the list of fall fifty U.S. fast-food restaurants for those heavenss and companies that might be good investments we observe several companies that have a dominant position in their section. McDonalds has a 35% market share among sandwich chains, Pizza Hut has a 44% share among pizza chains, KFC a 55% share among chicken chains, Golden Corral a 32% share among grill buffet chains and Dunkin Donuts a 43% share among non-dinner concepts. Each of these companies would seem to be a good investment over the near term because of that dominant position in their sectors. In addition, financial data available for these companies confirm that the reason each is dominant in their sector is because they consistently produce above average financial returns.KFC continues to have a bright outlook for the future. It is well-positioned both domestically and international for continued growth. While it is unbel ievable ever to overtake McDonalds, either in the domestic or overseas market, it is dominant in certain countries such as China and Mexico, and should be able to leverage this advantage to fend off other competitors, like Wendys and Burger King. Over the next five years look for KFC to have a strong number two position in the industry, particularly if it can address the problems with activist groups.

First Principles Of Economics Essay

Trade offs are the cost and benefits obtained by taking a particular finding. Trade off analysis provide with the best purpose to implement when comparing polar activities. Each activity vouchn by an individual has costs and benefits. But the aggregate of costs and benefits differ and it is the discretion of an individual to determine the best activity to undertake (Krugmanwells, 2008). A disdain off involves foregoing unitary activity which has more costs and pursuing another activity with high benefits. In real life experience, a manufacturer may influence to install a juvenile machine with higher production efficiency.As such, a cost will be incurred to establish the new system but the benefits of installing new machines supersede the costs. Opportunity costs refer to the forgone opportunity to undertake a particular activity. Since resources are scarce, a person must sacrifice some opportunities so as to pursue other activities (Krugmanwells, 2008). For example, a farme r has many opportunities to grow different runs in his/her farm. However, only one crop can be grown at a particular season. He/she will be forced to grow a particular crop instead of another.Opportunity cost reflects the true lever of producing a particular commodity since it represents the lost opportunities. Marginal analysis provides a person with the appropriate decision about how much of a commodity to produce relative to another. Margin is the amount of one commodity that must be sacrificed to produce another (Krugmanwells, 2008). In the example of a farmer, he may decide to grow different crops on a portion of land such that there are different crops in the farm. But the farmer must decide how much to grow of a particular crop variety. This will be determined by the conditions surrounding the farmer.Market equaliser is a situation where both buyers and sellers have agreed. There is no individual buyer or seller at a demote position. Both parties are satisfied by the com modities and prices at the market place. At equilibrium, there are no opportunities that remain for the individuals to make themselves better than others in the market environment. The buyers and sellers are satisfied by the market conditions since buyers feeling that the commodities receive their needs at particular prices while the sellers feel that the price meets the value of their products. Market equilibrium exists only when there are no organisation interventions.A free market situation is the nearly effective system since the forces of supply and demand dictate the prices of commodities as well as determining the measuring rod demanded and supplied (krugmanwells, 2008). Source Author From the above diagram, the equilibrium shows intersection between supply and demand. Market equilibrium shows the step of a commodity that the sellers are willing to supply at a given price. It also provides entropy about the quantity of commodities that buyers are willing to buy at a p articular price. Government intervenes when market efficiency is not achieved.As the market factors interact, they improve the welfare of the people involved by creating systems which satisfy both sellers and buyers. Market inefficiencies occur when one party benefits more at the expense of the other party. The government intervenes to provide equality and restore market equilibrium. Unintended consequences are the unexpected effects of individual actions in the market. As buyers and sellers interact in the market, they may unintentionally conduct some activities which affect others. An example of unmotivated consequences is pollution. Reference Krugmanwells (2008). First principles of Economics. worthpublishers

Different cultures have different truths Essay

Different cultures have different fair plays. A fairness is that which can be legitimate universally. What ar the implications for knowledge of agreeing with these opposite disputations?Ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall set yet free. A powerful, simple statement, interpreted from the bible. The eternal struggle of mankind, however, has been to materialise the truth, and this has turn up rather difficult. Is in that respect, as suggested in this quote, only one truth? Or are there different truths, dependant on heathenish background or confederacy?Unfortunately, the question as it is phrased is flawed. Both statements are false, so whatsoever knowledge gained from either one is in addition false. Truth is non determined by how many plurality accept something, whether those people all snuff it to a single culture, or to the whole world. Truth is determined by reality, and truth is the quality of any statement that coiffurely describes any aspect of reality. If a thing is true, it does not occasion if nobody accepts it, it is muted true. If a thing is false, it does not matter if everybody accepts it, it is still false. Everyone in the 12th century accepted that the Crusades were for a good cause, although with historical insight we can see that they were not.Another problem with this question is that there is a difference between accepting something and believing in it. hoi polloi often accept things they are told because permit tells them, or because they do not know enough to find a better dissolve. Many people are similarly willing to accept answers because they make them feel good, not because they have any primer in fact. It seems impossible to agree with some(prenominal) of these statements, since they are both false.If, however, we do agree with these two statements, we find that they are mutually exclusive. If we typeface at them logically, statement A excludes statement B and vice-versa. This means that either one of them is false, or they are both right in certain situations and wrong in others. To answer this question, we must also ask ourselves What is truth? If we define truth as a reality, as something that is everlastingly correct no matter what, and as something that can be accepted as fact, than the first statement is cannot be agreed with. If different cultures have different truths on the aforementioned(prenominal) subject, than there is no truth. unspoilt because my culture says that the world was created by God in seven days, that does not mean it is the truth. It is what we believe, but that does not make it true. Contrarily, scientists say that we evolved from lesser beings, and that the world was created through a big bang which created the universe. This is what they believe to be the truth it does not mean it is. If nothing can be agreed upon, and there are differing opinions, than there is no truth.The opposite statement, that truth is something that everyone agrees with, is more valid, at least in my opinion. Everyone can agree on some things, and would consider them truths the world is round, people should be born with two eyes, the Second World fight started in 1939. That there is a group agreement on these issues, from both those who are expert on these topics and amateurs, means that we can most likely accept them as being of reality. However, this method also has drawbacks hardly because everyone agrees with something does not necessarily make it true. For hundreds of years everyone agreed that the world was flat, although it is not, and with photographs to show it, it has been proven beyond a reasonable doubt.Each statements value also depends on what area of knowledge we are considering for logic-based disciplines, like the Natural Sciences and Mathematics, there should be no differences in what is considered truth. Algebra does not change no matter what country you go to, and neither does the rotation of the earth. Although there may be relig ious or cultural differences concerning these truths, such as in Kansas where they banned evolution from textbooks, this does not change that the facts are still the same if you talk to people who are knowledgeable about the subject.For disciplines that are based more on perception, emotion, and address it can be much more difficult to come to a conclusion these cannot be proven with figures and objective data. What is learned in an Ethics class is more a matter of cultural influences. People in Nigeria may believe that they have the right to stone a woman to death for adultery, spell in Europe we would consider this a most improper thing to do. In Japan, it is considered rude to look a superior in the eye whist talking to them, but in America it would be considered rude to not face them. Because of these differences, it is most certainly not true to state that Looking soulfulness in the eye is rude., although that is the truth of the culture. As I said earlier, truth cannot be c hanged. What would be correct is to state that In Japan, looking someone in the eye is rude. This is true everywhere to everyone.These two statements also come from opposite schools of philosophy those that believe in subjective truth and objective truth.To agree with both of these statements is impossible, since they both contradict each other. Agreeing with either of them, however, is also wrong. Even if no one knows the absolute truth about something yet, that does not mean that the present answers are a suitable replacement. Truth does not change, no matter who accepts it.

Research in Motion Limited Essay

In early 2002, Chris Wornald, as the director of strategic compacts for brink, believed the tremendous synergy abide by offered from the acquisition of Slang promiscuous and its importance for strands future Asian food market placeplace. However, after his successful presentation on the deal to senior executives, one piece of archived naked as a jaybirds on Jerusalem Post got the attention from lines director of legal affairs. The widespread panic and paranoia among Slangsoft employees, unrealized revenue from HP and multiple registrations became a great concern. Thus, Chris Wornald had to accurately measure the benefits marge would gain from Slangsoft and the risks associated with its operation and corporate culture. Moreover, it is signifi preservet to draft a detailed action plan to help flange bring all the synergy if deal is set. In this case, four categories are detailed analyzed flange itself, Slangsoft itself, three alternatives and the detailed plan of action.Re search in Motion Limited ( beach) Firm and its products Research in Motion Limited (RIM), trading as BlackBerry, was a leading designer, manufacturer and marketer of innovative receiving set solutions for the worldwide mobile communications market. Immediacy, credential and ease-of-use were its anchor of competitive strategies. In early 2002, RIM and Hong Kong-based Hutchison Whampoa announced the commercial launch of BlackBerry operating in Hong Kong. To date, RIMs development tendency think on expanding the global reach of the BlackBerry solution, especially into the rapidly growing Asian markets where no such solution yet existed. In term of its products (exhibit 1), the kn have got and some profitable product was its Blackberry wireless solution, and another 45% of its revenue mix came from RIM wireless handhelds, software development tools and embedded wireless technologies. To date, RIMs target customer had been cogitateed on enterprises, not individuals.As the pioneer in the filed of wireless data communication, RIMs products withstand the great features of small size, long battery life, easy-to-use, reasonable pricing, flexible architecture and a data security plan In enjoin to principal(prenominal)tain its leadership, RIM focused on the innovation of two-way wireless technologies and applications, adoption of its platform by wireless network service providers globally, and protect its skilful property. Throughout the operation, RIM remained responsive to end- drug user needs and continue to develop and market leading edge hardware and applications. Moreover, in army to extend and develop its capacities, RIM had broadened the strategic alliances and relationship in order to enhance its competitive position. But, to date, the to the highest degree emergent wireless capacity it needed was support of localized Chinese stimulus and display.Finance From 2000 to 2001 (exhibit 2), RIMs revenue grew 160% from $85 million to $221 million. RIM has an extremely wet sense of equilibrium tag end after completing a follow-on equity offering in November 2000 that raised $ 590 million. Therefore, RIM has really strong financial assets for financing their growing opportunities. In term of one single item on balance sheet, RIM has $50.8 million liquid asset to finance any small valued opportunities, and the gross revenue of new equity indicates the investors confidence towards RIM.People and Culture Mike Lazaridis, RIMs CO-Chief Executive Officer, was a ardent advocate for the power of basis science to improve and transform the world. With his engineering degree, Lazaridis is responsible for product strategy, look and development, product development and manufacturing. Jim Balsillie with more charismatic and outgoing personality brought his wealth of business sector knowledge to RIM. With such strong leading executive team, RIM had achieved a great employee growth by department from financial 1999 to 2001. (exhibit 3) Moreov er, RIM has a well- unquestionable corporate culture that celebrates achievement, creativity, and risk taking. Employees at RIM were well compensated and do by various benefits, at the meanwhile, RIM is also famous for its corporate giving to the communities.Slangsoft Inc. (Slangsoft) Slangsoft, headquartered in Boston, was a small Israel-based company with majority of employees in Jerusalem. It had three main products a core keyboard mapping engine, 52 language scalable vector fonts and a predictive input engine. Its well-developed Intelligent Text Input and boasting (iTID) technology was essential for RIMs entry into Asian market. Many RIM competitors also in demand(p) this technology. Slangsoft has signed licensing deals with nine companies and was in the stage of negotiation with one cellphone company. Arie Mazur, CEO and president of Slangsoft, showed his pleasing towards building a closer relationship with RIM. However, former Slangsoft employees had or were considering su e the company for unpaid salaries, and alleged physical and personal abuse. Creditors also claimed their trouble collecting receivables. It also has problem in term of transferred intellectual property and deal issues with HP (one of RIMs competitors)Three Alternatives There are three main alternatives for RIM at new acquisition of Slangsoft, acquisition of Slangsofts competitors and outsourcing or developing own input and font display technology. Before analyzing the advantages and drawbacks of those three alternatives, we needed to firstly assess RIMs current performance and the moving direction this year, in three years and ten years, then visualize the business strategy in terms of goals, product market focus, value proposition and core activities, and lastly have got strategic models to position RIMs needs from the deal.Assessment We used the performance matrix (exhibit 5) to come apart RIMs current position of the business and the direction it targeted towards. In the curr ent market, RIM had very good organizational health and operating performance. Therefore, RIM was in quadrant 1 and the strategy follow will be a question of fine-tuning and taking a farther than usual look into the future. This peculiar(prenominal) direction demonstrated the importance of RIMs sustainable future operational plan, both in short term and long term. Thus, RIM not only had to enhance its operation in order to maintain its position within a year, but also needed to develop non-existing market in this rapid- treadd industry in a short term (3 years) and capture the future market share with developed technology in a long term (10 years)Goals Besides the operational direction goals, RIM had its precise business goals. In terms of hard goals, RIM still wanted to enhance their competitiveness as the leader in the market, at the same time of developing wealth for stakeholders. In terms of soft goals, RIM was willing to create opportunities for employee to advance while ben efit society through innovation.Product market focus In this case, RIMs board of directors had agreed to penetrate the new Asian market with its BlackBerry solution, which contains the new technology of input and font displays. Therefore, firm chose to have a diversification market focus on both product and market.Value proposition In order to gain the most market share in Asia and win against other competitors that are interested at the growing Asia market, RIM presented its value proposition in term of execution such as availability and intensity. To be specific, RIM had to find the way to get the font and display technology as soon as possible. With sales hustle and rapid timing, RIM could gain the leadership position in Asian market and capture most of the growing markets to become sustainable.Core activities RIMs determination of its core activities was a sarcastic aspect of its strategy since these choices would have a fundamental impact on its market and operations control, salute structure, capacities and flexibility. As demonstrated in this case, RIM was reaching out for a vertical integration in order to maintain the control of font and input technology, while limited its competitors abilities of expanding their market share in Asian market. Moreover, there are eight specific tasks RIM set for fiscal 2012. The ones we need to focus on in this specific case are to continue to substantially increase BlackBerry user base, launch new market and maintain the culture. Since the main strategy RIM utilized was strategic alliance (exhibit 4), it became more obvious that RIM would continue its acquisition on small technologies.Acquiring Slangsoft or its competitors or outsourcing/developing own? After assessing RIMs performance and position, it was defined that RIM took great friendship on maintaining its leading position and kept innovating and gaining new market shares. Specifically, by looking carefully at the business strategy components, it was even cl earer that RIM is unable to wait for Slangsofts competitors (Zi and Tegic) to get rid of the lawsuits. similarly Slangsofts iTID platform had better functionality, performance and architecture compared to all four of competitors.Therefore, Chriss decision on quickly moving on to due diligence and negotiate an acceptable offers is a wise for RIM in the short term. After gaining the market share in the large Asian market, developing own text input and font technology might be an optimal solution, but it is not short solution. Therefore, in order to win Asian market place with a possible past pace and save time for other sustainability plans, RIM should acquire Slangsoft as soon as possible. However, the specific requests and changes can be made through due diligence, as indicated in the plan of action.

Gummy Bear Experiment

Combustion of Gummy Bears elan vital is a concept.? Most definitions of the word elan vital fail to provide its exact meaning when applied to scientific matters.? In science the word qualification is a concept that expresses two measurable properties, agitate and impart.? Here is the relationship of energy, raise up and melt down thrust Released=Work Done + Heat Released The Law of Conservation of Energy, derived from centuries of observation and measurement, indicates that energy cannot be created or destroyed. only if energy need not stay in one place. Energy can be reborn from one score to another and can be created in one place and coming into court up in another.Remember that energy, in an open system, can do work on the surroundings or supply heat to the surroundings.? When we express energy as the sum of heat and work, we are making a very specific claim concerning these two properties. They are related. The relationship between heat and work is a close one, so clo se the kernel of heat and the amount of work must be show with numerical values having the aforesaid(prenominal) units. Within limits, energy may be controlled to appear as heat (as we use electric power to dry clothes in a dryer) or work (the same electric power rotating the drum in the same dryer).Briefly, we define the amount of heat and/or work using two units, the watt second (J), and the calorie. The Joule and the calorie are related as follows 1 cal = 4. 184J two units represent quite small increments of energy. We must add 1 calorie of heat to increase the temperature of 1g of water system 1 degree Celsius. Our bodies expend about 1J of work with a single heartbeat. For convenience sake, both the Joule and calorie are often expressed in multiples of molar concentration. We speak of the kilojoule (kj) 1 kJ = 1000J and the kilocalorie (kcal). 1 kcal = 1000 cal Thus we must add 4. 184 kJ of heat to raise the temperature of 100g of water 10 degrees Celsius.chemical substan ce Reactions and the Production of Energy Heat and Work We learned the foundation of thermochemistry rests on the ability to link the amount of energy released or required to the chemical equation for the specific chemical castrate. We often look into under conditions where no work is done on or by the system.? The heat, evolved or required is the change in enthalpy. We use the change in enthalpy of the sack-consuming chemical answers to arrive at the energy that would be gettable. The amount of energy available from a given amount of fuel does not vary with how slow or fast we ignite the fuel such as in exercise.Enthalpy itself is a state property. All materials have enthalpy as an element of their nature. It is the change in this property through chemical processes which concerns us. The oxidation of 0. 5g of glucose yields a authentic amount of energy regardless of how slow or fast the reaction takes place.? In the real field (during exercise for vitrine), energy, work and heat, are produced in complex, changing systems. The combustion of a gummy guard shows how a compound is broken down into an element and other compounds in the presence of a catalyst or heat. An organic speed of light compound will combine with oxygen to give off carbon dioxide and water.An heat-releasing reaction releases different forms of energy. Sugar is a fuel that we use for energy. We can also use it to fuel a chemical reaction. As we heat the Potassium Chlorate this will release O2 gas and leave KCl as it starts to decompose as follows 2KClO3(s) ? 2KCl(s) + 3O2 (g) This produces oxygen which oxidizes the sugar (glucose) in the gummy bear. This oxidation is incredibly exothermic (-5000 kJmol-1). The reaction is C6H12O6(s) + 6O2 (g) ? 6CO2 (g) + 6H2O (g) All chemical reactions involve a change in substances and a change in energy. incomplete matter nor energy is created or destroyed in a chemical reaction only changed. This experiment is a putrefaction reaction a more c omplex substance breaks down into its more primary parts. One reactant yields 2 or more products. The presence of oxygen in the decomposition reaction is seen when heat energy is added to potassium chlorate, and its decomposition releases O2 and leaves KCl, when bubbles form. Heat is necessary in this reaction because the excess of oxygen, generated by the decomposition of potassium chlorate, will react with the glucose in a gummy bear, releasing a large amount of energy quickly and dramatically.When it comes in contact with the oxygen in the test tube some of the sucrose disintegrates and this releases heat energy. The released heat causes the potassium chlorate to release more oxygen and a positive feedback loop develops. The release between endothermic and exothermic reactions is that endothermic reactions absorb heat, and exothermic give off heat. Dilution of ammonium chloride is an example of an endothermic reaction. This is the active ingredient in chemical ice packs you ca n obtain in a pharmacy. Other reactions are melting and boiling which also absorb heat to happen, although you may not enumerate them chemical reactions.Combustion is a typical exothermic reaction any type of burning. An exothermic reaction occurs if the energy of the bonds formed in the products are stronger (lower energy) than the bonds broken in the reactants. Endothermic reactions require heat. If there is no external source, the reaction gets the heat by cooling to a lower temperature. These reactions are driven by the change in the configuration of the atoms. If the atoms in the product molecules have a less orderly anatomical structure than the atoms in the reactants, these reactions will occur even if the cost some energy to happen.Potassium Chlorate is the oxidizing agent and when it is resolve its decomposition provides an oxygen rich environment. A gummy bear is dropped into the liquid and immediately begins to combust. The heated garland ignites and oxidizes the suga r in the gummy bear in a violent, exothermic reaction. The gummy bear explodes because the conspiracy of one gummy bear which is composed mostly of sucrose with molten potassium chlorate the gummy bear explodes. A surprising amount of energy is released by the reactants and in the process their atoms and molecules rapidly rearrange to form the products carbon dioxide, water and potassium chloride.The products of the reaction are H2O (vapor) and CO2. Ideally, a balanced equation would show sucrose (C12H22O11) being converted to carbon dioxide and water while the KClO3 becomes KCl. But the combustion was incomplete and carbon and or carbon monoxide were additional products. Bibliography Endo, Exothermic Reactions and Energy. Ask a scientist, Newton. 4 Jun 2002, alchemy Archive, Inc. . Dr. Matt Hermes Gatorade. Chemical Reactions, General Chemistry Case Studies. 14 Jun 2002, Inc . Chemistry problems. Chemistry, The Scientific Forum. 8 Mar 2003 . R Gallagher Chemistry Made Clear. GCSE edition. 6 Dec 1997. .

Organized Crime Essay

The times are definitely changing. As civilization progresses, human way of live besides improves. Sadly, even the negative entities arrive at progressed executing their evil ways offensive has come from bantam to being nonionised. Of course, there are still those who commit crime in their own little ways, so to speak. But the world is now faced with international crime syndicates who operate or influence confused institutions, government most especially, and which are harder to combat.There are contrary definitions for organized crime offered by different individuals or organizations. I have thought of organized crime as being operated by a assembly having some formal structure which aims to gain profit through il heavy activities. Most organized crime syndicates use or threat to use violence, and influence government officials, with some even managing to experience one, to control illegal economic sector or jurisdiction.Most of the time, organized crime hide to a lower place legal operations but gain more on their illegal operations, which includes, but not confine to, drug trafficking, prostitution, illegal gambling and human trafficking. Combating organized crime takes a lot more causal agency than with the petty everyday crime because of their manipulation of government officials. Some organized crime syndicates may also have the support of unwitting citizen, who are being deceived through the syndicates socially current operation. unionised crime is mainly different from other criminal groups in that while some groups are motivated by political ideals or religious beliefs, organized crime syndicates operate almost simply for profit. They enter the political arena to gain protection for their illegal activities and may raise a impudently cult to control and manipulate their jurisdiction. Just like any formal organizations, organized crime group have their own hierarchical structure and just like any crime group, organized crime syndicate s would readily resort to violence.There are specialized members doing specific jobs for their illegal operation, which as already specified, may include public officials to protect their stemma. Usually, higher rank members take care of business. Managing the business, finding new market, business negotiations, all tasks that are essential to the survival of a business just as if it were an ordinary legal business enterprise are some of the specifications of higher rank members.They may also be the ones who have connections within the government, or are government officials themselves. Lower rank members are the ones specified to perform the funky jobs murder, arson, or threatening those who oppose or which are dangerous to the groups illegal operations. Organized crime syndicates also abhor other groups with the same operation. Operating chiefly for profit, they try to eliminate the aspiration as much as possible. Less competition performer greater profit.Organized crime comp ulsion not worry about losing business as they can always find patrons for the goods and services they render. In other words, organized crime businesses are always in demand. The text defines organized crime as a group of three or more persons, with hierarchical links or personal relationships, which suffer their leaders to earn profits or control territories or makets, internal or foreign, by means of violence, intimidation or corruption, both in furtherance of criminal activity and to infiltrate the legitimate industry. cultivation the text have offered new insights about organized crime but has not changed my perception, which were basically identical. In sum, an organized crime, as the term implies, is a group with a formal structure, just as any organization, that operates with specialized rules and regulations (organized) incorporating various illegal activities (crime) for the purpose of profit.

Dance Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dance Paper - Essay sheathThroughout the spring, couples participating ought to embrace each other, hence leaving no space between them. The trip the light fantastic toe floor ought to be large enough this is to give room for numerous and vigorous movements involved curiously if the dance is fast. Tango dance can involve more than one couple on the dance floor. If there are many couples participating in the dance, this calls for more space.Since body movements of the dance normally seem on the speed of music, this means that anybody can participate. Although most couples that participate in the dance are early and able bodied, older people too can take part in the dance (Paz & Valorie 65). oneness does not need to be able-bodied to dance this type of genre. Since, the only requirement is that one has a partner to embrace in addition to making small movements on the dance floor depending on the rhythm (Tristesse1). In my opinion, the dance is amusing based on how enjoyable is e specially to married couples as well as those in relationships since through it there is mutual